{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:51Z","timestamp":1792788531722,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MRC","award":["MR\/M001717\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M001717\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T13:45:43Z","timestamp":1565271943000},"page":"e0220693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Monitoring caesarean births using the Robson ten group classification system: A cross-sectional survey of private for-profit facilities in urban Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8106-2454","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tahmina","family":"Begum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herfina","family":"Nababan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Rajibul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alayne","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO statement on caesarean section rates. WHO 2015 WHO_RHR_15.02_eng.pdf;jsessionid = 616E7201DF2520A59D2D0A80438943F2."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00118.x","article-title":"Cesarean section rates and maternal and neonatal mortality in low\u2010, medium\u2010, and high\u2010income countries: an ecological study","volume":"33","author":"F Althabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15553","article-title":"Relationship between cesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality","volume":"314","author":"G Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343","article-title":"The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990\u20132014","volume":"11","author":"AP Betr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0156","article-title":"Can we reduce the caesarean section rate?","volume":"15","author":"MS Robson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"10056","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31472-6","article-title":"Beyond too little, too late and too much, too soon: a pathway towards evidence-based, respectful maternity care worldwide","volume":"388","author":"S Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)70094-X","article-title":"Use of the Robson classification to assess caesarean section trends in 21 countries: a secondary analysis of two WHO multicountry surveys","volume":"3","author":"JP Vogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Global health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0965539501000122","article-title":"Classification of caesarean sections","volume":"12","author":"MS Robson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fetal and maternal medicine review"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America: classifying caesarean sections","volume":"6","author":"AP Betr\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097769","article-title":"A systematic review of the Robson classification for caesarean section: what works, doesn&apos;t work and how to improve it","volume":"9","author":"AP Betran","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014566","article-title":"Classifications for cesarean section: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"MR Torloni","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2012.09.004","article-title":"Methods of achieving and maintaining an appropriate caesarean section rate","volume":"27","author":"M Robson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Ahsan KA, S; Angeles, G.;Benson, A.;Chakraborty, N; Curtis, S.;Lance, P.; Ijdi, R. Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016: Preliminary Report 2017 PY\u20142017\/11\/22."},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014: Key Indicators","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0188074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188074","article-title":"Indications and determinants of caesarean section delivery: Evidence from a population-based study in Matlab, Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"T Begum","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0202879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202879","article-title":"Determinants of caesarean section in Bangladesh: Cross-sectional analysis of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 Data","volume":"13","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","first-page":"280","article-title":"Reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health: Bangladesh and MDG 5","volume":"26","author":"M Koblinsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of health, population, and nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2004.05.006","article-title":"Determinants of caesarean section in Egypt: evidence from the demographic and health survey","volume":"69","author":"M Khawaja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00153.x","article-title":"Strategies to address global cesarean section rates: a review of the evidence","volume":"29","author":"R Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349.2010.484044","article-title":"High cesarean prevalence in a national population\u2010based study in Brazil: the role of private practice","volume":"89","author":"F Rebelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Adams A, Ahmed T, Islam R, Rizvi S, Zakaria R. Mapping health facilities in Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh GIZ Health Sector Addressing Bangladesh&apos;s Demographic Challenges2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001244","article-title":"Comparative performance of private and public healthcare systems in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"S Basu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.06.021","article-title":"Comparative analysis of international cesarean delivery rates using 10-group classification identifies significant variation in spontaneous labor","volume":"201","author":"DJ Brennan","year":"2009","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision [Internet]. 2010. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2010\/en\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2010\/en<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4038\/jnsfsr.v39i3.3624","article-title":"Adjusting for a cluster effect in the logistic regression model: an illustration of theory and its application","volume":"39","author":"R Jayatillake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005982","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005982","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in private and public health facilities in underserved South Asian communities: cross-sectional analysis of data from Bangladesh, India and Nepal","volume":"4","author":"M Neuman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12265","article-title":"Regional gradients in institutional cesarean delivery rates: evidence from five countries in Asia","volume":"44","author":"A Sepehri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth (Berkeley, Calif)"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Health at a Glance 2011","volume":"15","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5533-3","article-title":"High prevalence of cesarean section births in private sector health facilities-analysis of district level household survey-4 (DLHS-4) of India","volume":"18","author":"P Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-015-0738-1","article-title":"Examining Cesarean Delivery Rates Using the Robson&apos;s Ten-group Classification","volume":"66","author":"RG Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Determinants of caesarean section rates in developed countries: supply, demand and opportunities for control","volume":"29","author":"JA Lauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"World health report"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Queensland Health. Queensland Data Linkage Framework 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8911","article-title":"Universal cervical\u2010length screening to prevent preterm birth: a cost\u2010effectiveness analysis","volume":"38","author":"E Werner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01529.x","article-title":"Changing trends of cesarean section births by the Robson Ten Group Classification in a tertiary teaching hospital","volume":"91","author":"C Chong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref35","first-page":"340","article-title":"Secular trends in caesarean section rates over 20 years in a regional obstetric unit in Hong Kong","volume":"23","author":"WH Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.11.026","article-title":"The Robson ten-group classification system for appraising deliveries at a tertiary referral hospital in Brazil","volume":"129","author":"EC Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"343","article-title":"Caesarean section: summary of updated NICE guidance","author":"M Gholitabar","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bugg GJ, Siddiqui F, Thornton JG. Oxytocin versus no treatment or delayed treatment for slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour. 2013.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007123.pub3"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2620","article-title":"Impact of cesarean section on neonatal mortality rates among very preterm infants in the United States, 2000\u20132003","volume":"122","author":"MH Malloy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01356.x","article-title":"Twin births: cesarean section or vaginal delivery?","volume":"91","author":"E Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607316","article-title":"The US twin delivery volume and association with cesarean delivery rates: a hospital-level analysis","volume":"35","author":"SR Easter","year":"2018","journal-title":"American journal of perinatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.64","article-title":"Cesarean delivery for twins: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"188","author":"KL Hogle","year":"2003","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214939","article-title":"A randomized trial of planned cesarean or vaginal delivery for twin pregnancy","volume":"369","author":"JF Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Management of Breech Presentation","author":"LWM MD Impey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31821e5f65","article-title":"Indications contributing to the increasing cesarean delivery rate","volume":"118","author":"EL Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:41:50Z","timestamp":1588966910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220693"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sharon Mary","family":"Brownie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220693","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]}}}