{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:40:12Z","timestamp":1789879212520,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000010","name":"Ford Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1100-0482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1100-0482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T17:23:29Z","timestamp":1566408209000},"page":"e0220775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Migrants in transit through Mexico to the US: Experiences with violence and related factors, 2009-2015"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Leyva-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-8611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cesar","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0557-5562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Quintino-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MariaJose","family":"G\u00f3mez-Saldivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Torres-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0220775.ref001","unstructured":"Bejarano J. La primera v\u00edctima del Estrecho. Pateras, veinte a\u00f1os de muerte. La inmigraci\u00f3n en las costas del sur suma la cifra de 18.000 v\u00edctimas. In: La Vanguardia. 2008. http:\/\/medios.mugak.eu\/noticias\/noticia\/175587. Accessed 15 Oct 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0220775.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303107","article-title":"Social Support, Sexual Violence, and Transactional Sex Among Female Transnational Migrants to South Africa","volume":"106","author":"M Giorgio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0220775.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732309353909","article-title":"Forms and Determinants of Migration and HIV\/AIDS-Related Stigma on the Mexican-Guatemalan Border","volume":"19","author":"C Infante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"46","key":"pone.0220775.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhm.2015.11.002","article-title":"What the eye does not see: a critical interpretive synthesis of European Union policies addressing sexual violence in vulnerable migrants","volume":"23","author":"I Keygnaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18558\/FIL003","article-title":"Group Violence and Migration Experience among Latin American Youths in Justice Enforcement Centers","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref006","volume-title":"La migraci\u00f3n centroamericana en la frontera M\u00e9xico-Guatemala","author":"OM Ruiz","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0220775.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9759-3","article-title":"Migrants Suffering Violence While in Transit Through Mexico: Factors Associated with the Decision to Continue or Turn Back","volume":"16","author":"E Servan-Mori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref008","volume-title":"Desplazamiento por violencia pol\u00edtica en el Per\u00fa, 1980\u20131992","author":"I Coral","year":"1994"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0220775.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232008000500028","article-title":"Las migraciones forzadas por la violencia: el caso de Colombia","volume":"23","author":"GM G\u00f3mez-Builes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Colectiva"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0220775.ref010","first-page":"179","article-title":"La pobreza enredada en las turbulencias macroecon\u00f3micas en Am\u00e9rica Latina","volume":"9","author":"B Destremau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Espiral"},{"issue":"61","key":"pone.0220775.ref011","first-page":"101","article-title":"Nuevos escenarios de la migraci\u00f3n M\u00e9xico\u2013Estados Unidos","volume":"15","author":"DS Massey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Las consecuencias de la guerra antiinmigrante"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref012","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Human migration: patterns and policies","author":"A. R. Zolberg","year":"1978"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref013","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division International Migration Report 2017: Highlights, 2017. Available from: http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration\/publications\/migrationreport\/docs\/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf. Cited 17 February 2019."},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref014","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Migraci\u00f3n y seguridad: nuevo desaf\u00edo en M\u00e9xico","author":"Colectivo de An\u00e1lisis de la Seguridad con Democracia","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref015","volume-title":"Estimaciones con base en Boletines estad\u00edsticos, informaci\u00f3n del U.S. Department of Homeland Security: Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service","author":"SEGOB","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0220775.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/amet.12053","article-title":"Crossing Mexico: Structural violence and the commodification of undocumented Central American migrants","volume":"40","author":"WA Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Ethnologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0220775.ref017","first-page":"257","article-title":"Structural Violence and Migrant Deaths in Southern Arizona: Data from the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, 1990\u20132013","volume":"2","author":"DE Mart\u00ednez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal on Migration and Human Security"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref018","volume-title":"Fatal Journeys Volume 2: Identification and Tracing of Dead and Missing Migrants","author":"B Tara","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref019","volume-title":"Informe Especial sobre Secuestro de Migrantes en M\u00e9xico","author":"Comision Nacional de los Derechos Humanos","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref020","unstructured":"pewresearchcenter.org [Internet]. Key findings about U.S. immigrants; c2018 [cited 2019 Feb 20]. Available from: http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/11\/30\/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants\/"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref021","unstructured":"ice.gov [Internet]. ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Fiscal Year 2018; 2018 c2018 [cited 2019 Feb 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/doclib\/about\/offices\/ero\/pdf\/eroFY2018Report.pdf)."},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref022","unstructured":"CNDH. Recomendaci\u00f3n No. 80\/2013. Caso de privaci\u00f3n de la vida de 72 personas migrantes y atentados a la vida de los extranjeros V73 y V74, en el Municipio de San Fernando, Tamaulipas. Mexico, December 23. http:\/\/www.cndh.org.mx\/sites\/all\/fuentes\/documentos\/Recomendaciones\/2013\/REC _2013_080.pdf. Accessed 18 Sept 2013."},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref023","volume-title":"Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches","author":"J Creswell","year":"2009"},{"issue":"58","key":"pone.0220775.ref024","first-page":"13","article-title":"Conocer para comprender la violencia: origen, causas y realidad","volume":"19","author":"F Jimenez-Bautista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Convergencia"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.02.021","article-title":"The contribution of different forms of violence exposure to internalizing and externalizing symptoms among young South African adolescents","volume":"45","author":"D B du Plessis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abus. Negl"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref026","volume-title":"Language and symbolic power","author":"P Bourdieu","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0220775.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-011-9489-y","article-title":"Violence Committed Against Migrants in Transit: Experiences on the Northern Mexican Border","volume":"14","author":"C Infante","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref028","article-title":"Sexual violence and sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco: a community-based participatory assessment using respondent driven sampling","author":"I Keygnaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref029","volume-title":"Survey Sampling","author":"L Kish","year":"1965"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref030","volume-title":"Qualitative Methods for Health Research","author":"J Green","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref031","volume-title":"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants","author":"J Bustamante","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref032","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. Informe Mundial 2014: Estados Unidos. http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/es\/world-report\/2014\/country-chapters\/121937. Accessed 7 Oct 2016"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref033","volume-title":"Forzados a huir del triangulo norte de centroam\u00e9rica: una crisis humanitaria olvidada","author":"M\u00e9dicos Sin Fronteras"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref034","author":"Regeneraci\u00f3n Radio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frente al muro: La odisea de la Caravana Migrante en su paso hacia EUA"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref035","author":"ENVIPE","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encuesta Nacional de Victimizaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n sobre Seguridad P\u00fablica"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref036","volume-title":"Migrantes en movimiento en M\u00e9xico","author":"Amnist\u00eda Internacional","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref037","volume-title":"In: Primera Reuni\u00f3n Centroamericana sobre Trata de Mujeres","author":"L Mora","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref038","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Memoria. Mujeres afectadas por el fen\u00f3meno migratorio en M\u00e9xico. Una aproximaci\u00f3n desde la perspectiva de g\u00e9nero","author":"M Caballero","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref039","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Culture. Society and sexuality","author":"RW Connell","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203875315","volume-title":"Migrant Men: Critical Studies of Masculinities and the Migration Experience","author":"M Donaldson","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref041","volume-title":"The meanings of macho: Being a man in Mexico City","author":"MC Gutmann","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref042","first-page":"55","volume-title":"El g\u00e9nero desordenado: Cr\u00edticas en torno a la patologizaci\u00f3n de la transexualidad","author":"G Coll-Planas","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0220775.ref043","first-page":"71","article-title":"Identidades transg\u00e9nero y transfobia en el contexto mexicano: Una aproximaci\u00f3n narrativa","volume":"7","author":"NE Molina-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaderns de Psicologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0220775.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00257","article-title":"Understanding the Harm of Hate Crime","volume":"58","author":"RJ Boeckmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0220775.ref045","first-page":"8","article-title":"Migraci\u00f3n, g\u00e9nero y SIDA: Contextos de vulnerabilidad","volume":"1","author":"M Bronfman","year":"2003","journal-title":"G\u00e9nero y Salud en Cifras"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref046","unstructured":"es.insightcrime.org [Internet]. Balance de InSight Crime sobre homicidios en Latinoam\u00e9rica en 2017; c2018 [cited 2019 Feb 18]. Available from: https:\/\/es.insightcrime.org\/noticias\/analisis\/balance-de-insight-crime-sobre-homicidios-en-latinoamerica-en-2017\/"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref047","unstructured":"gob.mx [Internet]. El INAMI entrega Tarjetas de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias a miembros de la caravana migrante; c2018 [cited 2019 Feb 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/inm\/prensa\/el-inami-entrega-tarjetas-de-visitante-por-razones-humanitarias-a-miembros-de-la-caravana-migrante?idiom=es"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref048","first-page":"143","article-title":"Crisis de derechos humanos de las personas migrantes en tr\u00e1nsito por M\u00e9xico: redes y presi\u00f3n transnacional","volume":"53","author":"O Aikin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foro Internacional"},{"key":"pone.0220775.ref049","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. Puertas cerradas: El fracaso de M\u00e9xico en la protecci\u00f3n de ni\u00f1os refugiados y migrantes de Am\u00e9rica Central. 2016. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/es\/report\/2016\/03\/31\/puertas-cerradas\/el-fracaso-de-mexicoen- la-proteccion-de-ninos-refugiados-y. Accessed 10 jun 2016."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T16:49:14Z","timestamp":1589042954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220775"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Smith Fawzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220775","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]]}}}