{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:22:53Z","timestamp":1791084173407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AR072513-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AR072513-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T17:34:55Z","timestamp":1565890495000},"page":"e0221012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Equine or porcine synovial fluid as a novel ex vivo model for the study of bacterial free-floating biofilms that form in human joint infections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4953-6717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Gilbertie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren V.","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noreen J.","family":"Hickok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irving M.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-8212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Schaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0221012.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00134-14","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus infections: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management","volume":"28","author":"SYCC Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61595-6","article-title":"Bacterial septic arthritis in adults","volume":"375","author":"CJ Mathews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.527-544.2002","article-title":"Acute septic arthritis","volume":"15","author":"ME Shirtliff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0209-4","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection: The incidence, timing, and predisposing factors","volume":"466","author":"L Pulido","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00111-13","article-title":"Prosthetic joint infection","volume":"27","author":"AJ Tande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis746","article-title":"A Large Multicenter Study of Methicillin\u2013Susceptible and Methicillin\u2013Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections Managed With Implant Retention","volume":"56","author":"J Lora-Tamayo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref007","first-page":"207","article-title":"Staphylococcal biofilms","volume":"322","author":"M. Otto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.64","article-title":"Biofilms in periprosthetic orthopedic infections","volume":"9","author":"SJ McConoughey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00938.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment concepts of orthopaedic biofilm infections","volume":"65","author":"W Zimmerli","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12687","article-title":"Orthopaedic biofilm infections","volume":"125","author":"W Zimmerli","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01323.x","article-title":"Evolving concepts in biofilm infections","volume":"11","author":"L Hall-Stoodley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.002","article-title":"The in vivo biofilm","volume":"21","author":"T Bjarnsholt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027943","article-title":"Phenotypes of non-attached Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates resemble surface attached biofilm","volume":"6","author":"M Alhede","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00714.x","article-title":"Biofilms in chronic infections\u2014A matter of opportunity\u2014Monospecies biofilms in multispecies infections","volume":"59","author":"M Burm\u00f8lle","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00237","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00237-16","article-title":"Role of Multicellular Aggregates in Biofilm Formation","volume":"7","author":"KN Kragh","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12432","article-title":"Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae grows as aggregates in the lung of pigs: is it time to refine our in vitro biofilm assays?","volume":"10","author":"YDN Tremblay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu514","article-title":"Effect of biofilms on recalcitrance of staphylococcal joint infection to antibiotic treatment","volume":"211","author":"S Dastgheyb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00394-15","article-title":"Role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in synovial fluid. Camilli A, editor","volume":"83","author":"SS Dastgheyb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04579-14","article-title":"Staphylococcal persistence due to biofilm formation in synovial fluid containing prophylactic cefazolin","volume":"59","author":"SS Dastgheyb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv096","article-title":"Biofilm-like aggregation of Staphylococcus epidermidis in synovial fluid","volume":"212","author":"K Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200112000-00001","article-title":"Direct Evidence of Bacterial Biofilms in Otitis Media","volume":"111","author":"JC Post","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2017.0770","article-title":"Bacterial Aggregates Establish at the Edges of Acute Epidermal Wounds","volume":"7","author":"L Bay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv wound care"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04941.x","article-title":"Mucin-Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions promote biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance","volume":"59","author":"RM Landry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817466.ch13","article-title":"Antimicrobial Tolerance in Biofilms","volume":"3","author":"PS Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Biofilms"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38043","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38043","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus-dependent septic arthritis in murine knee joints: Local immune response and beneficial effects of vaccination","volume":"6","author":"A Corrado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201703427","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703427114","article-title":"Mouse model of hematogenous implant-related Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection reveals therapeutic targets","volume":"114","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.013","article-title":"Histopathology atlas of animal model systems\u2014overview of guiding principles","volume":"18","author":"T Aigner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-015-0037-x","article-title":"The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in cartilage repair","volume":"3","author":"CJ Moran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222878110","article-title":"Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases","volume":"110","author":"J Seok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.10.003","article-title":"Rabbit models of human diseases for diagnostics and therapeutics development","volume":"92","author":"RG Mage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-4-13","article-title":"Demonstration of a novel technique to quantitatively assess inflammatory mediators and cells in rat knee joints","volume":"4","author":"NJ Barton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.04.013","article-title":"Novel synovial fluid recovery method allows for quantification of a marker of arthritis in mice","volume":"16","author":"DR Seifer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603511406531","article-title":"Equine models of articular cartilage repair","volume":"2","author":"C Wayne Mcilwraith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815588611","article-title":"Animal Models of Osteoarthritis: Comparisons and Key Considerations","volume":"52","author":"AM McCoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.111.2000132","article-title":"The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"CW McIlwraith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Jt Res"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603511401905","article-title":"Preclinical studies for cartilage repair: Recommendations from the international cartilage repair society","volume":"2","author":"MB Hurtig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815588611","article-title":"Animal Models of Osteoarthritis","volume":"52","author":"AM McCoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0346-5","article-title":"Animal models of osteoarthritis: Classification, update, and measurement of outcomes","volume":"11","author":"EL Kuyinu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.09.020","article-title":"The equine immune responses to infectious and allergic disease: A model for humans?","volume":"66","author":"DW Horohov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.03.022","article-title":"The porcine innate immune system: An update","volume":"45","author":"KH Mair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811402846","article-title":"Swine as Models in Biomedical Research and Toxicology Testing","volume":"49","author":"MM Swindle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.10.009","article-title":"Gram-negative multi-drug resistant bacteria influence survival to discharge for horses with septic synovial structures: 206 Cases (2010\u20132015)","volume":"226","author":"JM Gilbertie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01418-15","article-title":"Hyaluronan modulation impacts Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection","volume":"84","author":"CB Ibberson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000052","article-title":"agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"4","author":"BR Boles","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.65","article-title":"Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections","volume":"7","author":"H Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10738","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29121-2","article-title":"The Consequences of Biofilm Dispersal on the Host","volume":"8","author":"D Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-16-00636","article-title":"Staphylococcal biofilms and immune polarization during prosthetic joint infection","volume":"25","author":"CM Gries","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819286.ch19","article-title":"The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, Regulation, and Host Response","author":"AE Paharik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00062","article-title":"Deciphering mechanisms of staphylococcal biofilm evasion of host immunity","volume":"2","author":"ML Hanke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref050","author":"N Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in plasma and selected body fluids of healthy horses after a single intravenous dose"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref051","first-page":"230","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a combination of amikacin sulfate and penicillin G sodium for intravenous regional limb perfusion in adult horses","volume":"80","author":"JE Nieto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776563233","article-title":"Comparison of amikacin concentrations in normal and inflamed joints of horses following intra-articular administration","volume":"38","author":"J Taintor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1999.00180.x","article-title":"Regional intravenous perfusion of the distal limb of horses with amikacin sulfate","volume":"22","author":"ED Murphey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00720.x","article-title":"Retrospective investigation of prognostic indicators for adult horses with infection of a synovial structure","volume":"89","author":"EA Walmsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X480403","article-title":"Bacterial culture of septic synovial structures of horses: Does a positive bacterial culture influence prognosis?","volume":"42","author":"AH Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref056","article-title":"Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;\/em&gt; in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung","author":"S Kirchner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-181","article-title":"Characterization of biofilm-like structures formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a synthetic mucus medium","volume":"12","author":"CL Haley","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00113-17","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregate formation in an alginate bead model system exhibits in vivo-like characteristics","volume":"83","author":"M S\u00f8nderholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806005115","article-title":"Entropically driven aggregation of bacteria by host polymers promotes antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"115","author":"PR Secor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1771-1776.1999","article-title":"The Calgary Biofilm Device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms","volume":"37","author":"H Ceri","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref061","article-title":"Determination of the Range of Antibacterial Activity by Use of Viable Counts","author":"V Lorian","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01889","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01889-18","article-title":"In Vivo Gentamicin Susceptibility Test for Prevention of Bacterial Biofilms in Bone Tissue and on Implants","volume":"63","author":"LK Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0737-0","article-title":"Susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in diabetic foot infections","volume":"16","author":"C Mottola","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.7.861","article-title":"Effects of triamcinolone acetonide, sodium hyaluronate, amikacin sulfate, and mepivacaine hydrochloride, alone and in combination, on morphology and matrix composition of lipopolysaccharide-challenged and unchallenged equine articular cartilage explants","volume":"69","author":"DM Bolt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.6.897","article-title":"Comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of tobramycin and amikacin","volume":"23","author":"JM Gatell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00126-11","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics\/Pharmacodynamics of Colistin and Imipenem on Mucoid and Nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms","volume":"55","author":"W Hengzhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06486-11","article-title":"In Vivo Pharmacokinetics\/Pharmacodynamics of Colistin and Imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infection","volume":"56","author":"W Hengzhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.01.003","article-title":"Do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria? A review","volume":"79","author":"K Belfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.14.4665-4684.2004","article-title":"Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"186","author":"KE Beenken","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00688.x","article-title":"ica and beyond: Biofilm mechanisms and regulation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"270","author":"JP O\u2019Gara","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00007","article-title":"Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in biofilm: structural and regulatory aspects","volume":"5","author":"CR Arciola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0519-6","article-title":",Antibiofilm and antimicrobial efficacy of Dispersinb\u00ae-KSL-w peptide-based wound gel against chronic wound infection associated bacteria","volume":"68","author":"P V. Gawande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref073","first-page":"1","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Aggregation and Coagulation Mechanisms, and Their Function in Host\u2013Pathogen Interactions","author":"HA Crosby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1086\/324430","article-title":"Protection against Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Arthritis by Vaccination with Clumping Factor A, a Novel Virulence Determinant","volume":"184","author":"E Josefsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref075","first-page":"531","article-title":"Estimation of joint fluid volume in the knee joint of rabbits by measuring the endogenous calcium concentration","volume":"20","author":"S Matsuzaka","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref076","first-page":"434","volume-title":"Relative amounts of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid from normal and osteochondrotic swine joints","author":"T Nakano","year":"1984"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref077","first-page":"342","article-title":"Characteristics of normal equine tarsal synovial fluid","volume":"31","author":"RW Van Pelt","year":"1967","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.01106.x","article-title":"Postoperative Septic Arthritis After Elective Equine Arthroscopy Without Antimicrobial Prophylaxis","volume":"42","author":"H Borg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2005.08.001","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis","volume":"21","author":"AJ Morton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am\u2014Equine Pract"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref080","first-page":"evj.13048","article-title":"Oral reserpine administration in horses results in low plasma concentrations that alter platelet biology","author":"JM Gilbertie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-782-3:065","volume-title":"Platelets and Megakaryocytes","author":"GE Jarvis","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0221012.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1309\/Y9EC63RW3XG1V313","article-title":"Platelet aggregation testing in platelet-rich plasma: description of procedures with the aim to develop standards in the field","volume":"123","author":"L Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1664132595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221012"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amal","family":"Al-Bakri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]}}}