{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:21:53Z","timestamp":1762431713327,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"by Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Islamic Republic of Iran","award":["241\/M\/93259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241\/M\/93259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T17:39:27Z","timestamp":1567013967000},"page":"e0221462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Insulin pen use and diabetes treatment goals: A study from Iran STEPS 2016 survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-7356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hedyeh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Pishgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moein","family":"Yoosefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sedighe","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Djalalinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Modirian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Peykari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohreh","family":"Naderimagham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Haghshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saral","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Esteghamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-4046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221462.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2112","article-title":"The diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: overview","volume":"37","author":"DM Nathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0221462.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30104-3","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose control on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials","volume":"5","author":"S Zoungas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10100","key":"pone.0221462.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32130-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0221462.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0081","article-title":"Clinical evidence for the earlier initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"DR Owens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0221462.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1280462","article-title":"Barriers to insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"K. Tziomalos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12691","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to starting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"69","author":"CJ Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0221462.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.05.009","article-title":"Adherence to premixed insulin in a prefilled pen compared with a vial\/syringe in people with diabetes in Singapore","volume":"36","author":"HH Cheen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical therapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0221462.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-015-0266-5","article-title":"Characteristics Relating to Adherence and Persistence to Basal Insulin Regimens Among Elderly Insulin-Naive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Pre-Filled Pens versus Vials\/Syringes","volume":"32","author":"SL Slabaugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.825590","article-title":"Differences in rates of hypoglycemia and health care costs in patients treated with insulin aspart in pens versus vials","volume":"29","author":"CV Asche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.823091","article-title":"The association between use of mealtime insulin pens versus vials and healthcare charges and resource utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"EL Eby","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0221462.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj5006-514","article-title":"Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control with Insulin Vials Versus Insulin Pens in General Medicine Patients","volume":"50","author":"J Horne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0221462.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816633721","article-title":"Pen Devices for Insulin Self-Administration Compared With Needle and Vial: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"P Lasalvia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221462.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1020366","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and trend analysis of the use of insulin delivery systems in the United States (2005 to 2011)","volume":"31","author":"M Perez-Nieves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221462.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500512","article-title":"Trend analyses of insulin delivery systems in the United States","volume":"5","author":"LJ Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"volume-title":"Summary","year":"2001","author":"R dCM Bonita","key":"pone.0221462.ref015"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0221462.ref016","first-page":"608","article-title":"Protocol Design for Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Studies of Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran: STEPs 2016","volume":"20","author":"S Djalalinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0221462.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"journal-title":"Global physical activity questionnaire","author":"WH Organization","key":"pone.0221462.ref018"},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013","article-title":"Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference","volume":"15","author":"D Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Political Analysis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0221462.ref020","first-page":"28","volume":"42","author":"D Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"MatchIt: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0221462.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.7.948","article-title":"Health outcomes and economic impact of therapy conversion to a biphasic insulin analog pen among privately insured patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"27","author":"D Cobden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.10.004","article-title":"Medication adherence and the associated health-economic impact among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus converting to insulin pen therapy: an analysis of third-party managed care claims data","volume":"28","author":"WC Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical therapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.832259","article-title":"Comparing insulin vials to pens\u2014comparison of charges, not healthcare benefits","volume":"16","author":"TK Thethi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S78225","article-title":"Simplicity, safety, and acceptability of insulin pen use versus the conventional vial\/syringe device in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lebanon","volume":"9","author":"WH Ramadan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Patient preference and adherence"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221462.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2018.14.1.47","article-title":"A Comparison of Insulin Pen Devices and Disposable Plastic Syringes\u2014Simplicity, Safety, Convenience and Cost Differences","volume":"14","author":"R Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"European endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0221462.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80337-5","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, open-label, comparative, two-period crossover trial of preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of a prefilled, disposable pen and conventional vial\/syringe for insulin injection in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"M Korytkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical therapeutics"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0221462.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11927","article-title":"Change in Testing, Awareness of Hemoglobin A1c Result, and Glycemic Control in US Adults, 2007\u20132014","volume":"318","author":"S Shahraz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221462.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026864","article-title":"Cost-of-illness analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran","volume":"6","author":"M Javanbakht","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0221462.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0126","article-title":"Expenditures and Prices of Antihyperglycemic Medications in the United States: 2002\u20132013","volume":"315","author":"X Hua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0221462.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy012","article-title":"Challenges constraining insulin access in Nepal-a country with no local insulin production","volume":"10","author":"A Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0221462.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000112","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000112","article-title":"Challenges constraining access to insulin in the private-sector market of Delhi, India","volume":"1","author":"A Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref032","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration of Iran [cited 2019 4\/1]. Available from: https:\/\/irc.fda.gov.ir."},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref033","unstructured":"Iran Health Insurance Organization [cited 2019 4\/2]. Available from: https:\/\/ihio.gov.ir."},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.14196\/mjiri.32.39","article-title":"Iran's Health System Transformation Plan: A SWOT analysis","volume":"32","author":"A Olyaeemanesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"pone.0221462.ref035","first-page":"102","article-title":"Strategies for reducing expenditures in Iran's health transformation plan: A qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"K Rahmany","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T16:07:45Z","timestamp":1610899665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221462"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Abbasalizad Farhangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221462","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]}}}