{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:49:11Z","timestamp":1781239751381,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1566581258000},"page":"e0221552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Epidemiology of pharmaceutically treated depression and treatment resistant depression in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Namwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Joon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-1426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. Hyung Keun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daewook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8771-8829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo Ram","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GumJee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MinJung","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-797X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0221552.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300059","article-title":"A review of the clinical, economic, and societal burden of treatment-resistant depression: 1996\u20132013","volume":"65","author":"DA Mrazek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221552.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.28","article-title":"Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice","volume":"163","author":"MH Trivedi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0221552.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"pone.0221552.ref004","first-page":"16","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression","volume":"67","author":"D Souery","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0221552.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00231-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"53","author":"M Fava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0221552.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.3.181","article-title":"Global burden of depressive disorders: the issue of duration","volume":"181","author":"TB Ustun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221552.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.028","article-title":"A one-year comparison of vagus nerve stimulation with treatment as usual for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"58","author":"MS George","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0221552.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076882","article-title":"Characterization of treatment resistant depression episodes in a cohort of patients from a US commercial claims database","volume":"8","author":"N Kubitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0221552.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00602.x","article-title":"Treatment-resistant depression: resistant to definition?","volume":"112","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0221552.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.03.009","article-title":"What is the meaning of treatment resistant\/refractory major depression (TRD)? A systematic review of current randomized trials","volume":"17","author":"MT Berlim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221552.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200108","article-title":"Definition, assessment, and staging of treatment-resistant refractory major depression: a review of current concepts and methods","volume":"52","author":"MT Berlim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"pone.0221552.ref012","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence and management of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"68","author":"CB Nemeroff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0221552.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505vi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2007.05.006","article-title":"Navigating the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study: practical outcomes and implications for depression treatment in primary care","volume":"34","author":"RA Cain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0221552.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052963","article-title":"Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression","volume":"354","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0221552.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.020","article-title":"Staging methods for treatment resistant depression. A systematic review","volume":"137","author":"HG Ruhe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221552.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2832-3-4","article-title":"Off-label indications for atypical antipsychotics: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"KN Fountoulakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0221552.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0602","article-title":"Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic medications for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"GI Papakostas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0221552.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of pharmaceutically treated depression and treatment resistant depression in Taiwan","volume":"252","author":"D Fife","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0221552.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0810","article-title":"Identification of a claims data \"signature\" and economic consequences for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"63","author":"PK Corey-Lisle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221552.ref020","first-page":"370","article-title":"Cost burden of treatment resistance in patients with depression","volume":"16","author":"TB Gibson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"pone.0221552.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2014008","DOI":"10.4178\/epih\/e2014008","article-title":"A guide for the utilization of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service National Patient Samples","volume":"36","author":"L Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221552.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.5.718","article-title":"Towards Actualizing the Value Potential of Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Data as a Resource for Health Research: Strengths, Limitations, Applications, and Strategies for Optimal Use of HIRA Data","volume":"32","author":"JA Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0221552.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11ac07225","article-title":"Assessing the adequacy of past antidepressant trials: a clinician\u2019s guide to the antidepressant treatment response questionnaire","volume":"72","author":"M Desseilles","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0221552.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv060","article-title":"Atypical Antipsychotic Augmentation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"18","author":"X Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221552.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.131","article-title":"A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression","volume":"158","author":"RC Shelton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0221552.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900020216","article-title":"Aripiprazole augmentation in major depressive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with inadequate response to antidepressants","volume":"14","author":"RM Berman","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0221552.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000332050","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressant therapy among depressed outpatients with inadequate response to prior antidepressant therapy (ADAPT-A Study)","volume":"81","author":"M Fava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0221552.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.11.1439","article-title":"What did STAR*D teach us? Results from a large-scale, practical, clinical trial for patients with depression","volume":"60","author":"BN Gaynes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0221552.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1517\/14656561003614781","article-title":"Pharmacologic approaches to treatment resistant depression: a re-examination for the modern era","volume":"11","author":"NS Philip","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"pone.0221552.ref030","unstructured":"Korean Statistical Information Service. Statistics of residence registration population [Internet]. 2018. http:\/\/kosis.kr\/statHtml\/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B04006&conn_path=I3."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0221552.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-017-0126-5","article-title":"Estimating Prevalence and Healthcare Utilization for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Japan: A Retrospective Claims Database Study","volume":"5","author":"J Mahlich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs Real World Outcomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0221552.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.02.006","article-title":"European Group for the Study of Resistant Depression (GSRD)\u2014where have we gone so far: review of clinical and genetic findings","volume":"22","author":"A Schosser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0221552.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0713","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with treatment resistance in major depressive disorder: results from a European multicenter study","volume":"68","author":"D Souery","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0221552.ref034","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults (updated edition) (Clinical Guideline 90). Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society; 2010."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:40:07Z","timestamp":1588988407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221552"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kotozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221552","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]}}}