{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:00:52Z","timestamp":1787022052809,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014596","name":"Nature Conservancy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ADL 110416-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADL 110416-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T13:51:02Z","timestamp":1573134662000},"page":"e0224768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Minimal effects of oyster aquaculture on local water quality: Examples from southern Chesapeake Bay"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3392-0316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Lisa","family":"Kellogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace M.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl T.","family":"Friedrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0224768.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0257-9","article-title":"Mapping the global potential for marine aquaculture","volume":"1","author":"RR Gentry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Ecol Evol"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1822","article-title":"The environmental cost of animal source foods","volume":"16","author":"R Hilborn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref003","author":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref004","unstructured":"Hudson K. Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation and Outlook Report. Results of the 2017 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey. VIMS Marine Resources Report No 2018\u20139 Virginia Sea Grant VSG-18-3. 2018. Available: www.vims.edu\/map\/aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.5","article-title":"Oyster reefs at risk and recommendations for conservation, restoration, and management","volume":"61","author":"MW Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09161","article-title":"Overfishing, disease, habitat loss, and potential extirpation of oysters in upper Chesapeake Bay","volume":"436","author":"MJ Wilberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.2983\/0730-8000(2007)26[905:WORGIT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Why oyster restoration goals in the Chesapeake Bay are not and probably cannot be achieved","volume":"26","author":"R Mann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shellfish Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1935","article-title":"Restoring the eastern oyster: how much progress has been made in 53 years?","volume":"16","author":"AB Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3354\/meps341303","article-title":"Ecosystem services related to oyster restoration","volume":"341","author":"LD Coen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref010","unstructured":"Smedinghoff J. Bay Program partners approve oyster aquaculture as best management practice. In: Chesapeake Bay Program News [Internet]. 2017. Available: https:\/\/www.chesapeakebay.net\/news\/blog\/bay_program_partners_approve_oyster_aquaculture_as_best_management_practice"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref011","volume-title":"The Mollusca, Vol 4 Physiology, Part 1","author":"BL Bayne","year":"1983"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref012","first-page":"185","volume-title":"The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica","author":"RIE Newell","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2004.03.002","article-title":"Separating the grain from the chaff: particle selection in suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalves","volume":"300","author":"JE Ward","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Bio Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3354\/meps045217","article-title":"Efficiency of particle retention and filtration rate in 6 species of Northeast American bivalves","volume":"45","author":"HU Riisgard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1966.11.4.0487","article-title":"Aspects of biodeposition by oysters and other invertebrate filter feeders","volume":"11","author":"DS Haven","year":"1966","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2307\/1540081","article-title":"Filtration of particles from suspension by the American Oyster Crassotrea virginica","volume":"139","author":"DS Haven","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref017","unstructured":"Holyoke RR. Biodeposition and Biogeochemical Processes in Shallow, Mesohaline Sediments of Chesapeake Bay. PhD Disseration. University of Maryland. 2008."},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3354\/meps013047","article-title":"Preferential ingestion of organic material by the American oyster Crassostrea virginica","volume":"13","author":"RIE Newell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051510308","article-title":"Studies on the gill ciliation of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)","volume":"151","author":"BW Ribelin","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/00785326.1980.10425514","article-title":"Effect of particle concentration on filtration efficiency of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians and the oyster Crassostrea virginica","volume":"19","author":"RE Palmer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophelia"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02700175","article-title":"Can oyster restoration reverse cultural eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay?","volume":"30","author":"CF Cerco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Estuar Coast"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1733.1","article-title":"Linking optimization and ecological models in a decision support tool for oyster restoration and management","volume":"20","author":"EW North","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470960967.ch7","volume-title":"Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment","author":"JM Burkholder","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2015.08.001","article-title":"Water quality upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in Chesapeake Bay, USA","volume":"68","author":"NE Ray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquac Eng"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00574-4","article-title":"The impacts of aquacultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) on water column nitrogen and sedimentation: results of a mesocosm study","volume":"220","author":"JM Pietros","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2002.47.5.1367","article-title":"Influence of simulated bivalve biodeposition and microphytobenthos on sediment nitrogen dynamics: A laboratory study","volume":"47","author":"RIE Newell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(92)90171-6","article-title":"In situ metabolism of an oyster reef","volume":"164","author":"RF Dame","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Bio Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3354\/meps044229","article-title":"In situ measurement of respiratory metabolism and nitrogen fluxes at the interface of oyster beds","volume":"44","author":"G Boucher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.04.039","article-title":"Benthic organic enrichment from suspended mussel (Mytilus edulis) culture in Prince Edward Island, Canada","volume":"292","author":"PJ Cranford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref030","first-page":"251","article-title":"Ecology of oyster bed I. On the decline of productivity due to repeated cultures","volume":"5","author":"S Ito","year":"1955","journal-title":"Tohoku J Agric Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fundamental studies on the deterioration of oyster growing grounds","volume":"11","author":"Y. Kusuki","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull Hiroshima Fish Exp Stn"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsc.2000.1036","article-title":"Sedimentation flux from mariculture of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Ofunato estuary, Japan","volume":"58","author":"Y Hayakawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref033","first-page":"701","article-title":"Coastal upwelling in the R\u00edas Bajas, NW Spain: Contrasting the benthic regimes of R\u00edas de Arosa and de Muros","volume":"40","author":"KR Tenore","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(89)90042-5","article-title":"Influence of seagrass beds and oyster parks on the abundance and biomass patterns of meio- and macrobenthos in tidal flats","volume":"28","author":"J Castel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395996","article-title":"Sedimentation and sulfate reduction under a mussel culture","volume":"63","author":"B Dahlb\u00e4ck","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref036","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture","author":"MJ Kaiser","year":"2001"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-027","article-title":"A numerical model of flow modification induced by suspended aquaculture in a Chinese bay","volume":"58","author":"J Grant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1139\/f00-242","article-title":"Seston supply to sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in suspended culture","volume":"58","author":"CA Pilditch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.1991.9516476","article-title":"Hydrodynamic and water column properties at six stations associated with mussel farming in pelorus sound, 1984\u201385","volume":"25","author":"MM Gibbs","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Zeal J Mar Freshw Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00020","article-title":"Shellfish farm-induced changes to tidal circulation in an embayment, and implications for seston depletion","volume":"1","author":"DR Plew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquac Environ Interact"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref041","first-page":"41","article-title":"Shellfish culture in the Benguela system: A carbon budget of Saldanha Bay for raft culture of Mytilus galloprovincialis","volume":"17","author":"J Grant","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Shellfish Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref042","first-page":"25","article-title":"Shellfish mariculture in the Benguela system: water flow patterns within a mussel farm in Saldanha Bay, South Africa","volume":"17","author":"AJ Boyd","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Shellfish Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-751850-3.50022-4","volume-title":"Estuarine Interactions","author":"RW Virnstein","year":"1978"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref044","unstructured":"Coen LD, Judge M, Moncreiff C, Hammerstrom K. Hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) mariculture in US waters: evaluating the effects of large-scale field growout practices on clam growth, nutrition and inshore estuarine creek communities. Final Project Report to Saltonstall-Kennedy, NMFS. 2000;38."},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.09.032","article-title":"Bivalve aquaculture in estuaries: Review and synthesis of oyster cultivation effects","volume":"298","author":"BM Forrest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00210-2","article-title":"Effects of shellfish farming on the benthic environment","volume":"224","author":"CM Crawford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref047","unstructured":"CBP. Chesapeake Bay watershed population. Chesapeake Bay Program. 2019. Available: http:\/\/www.chesapeakebay.net\/indicators\/indicator\/chesapeake_bay_watershed_population"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps303001","article-title":"Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: Historical trends and ecological interactions","volume":"303","author":"WM Kemp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00151","article-title":"Modeling the impact of floating oyster (Crassostrea virginica) aquaculture on sediment-water nutrient and oxygen fluxes","volume":"7","author":"JM Testa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquac Environ Interact"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470960967.ch6","volume-title":"Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment","author":"J Grant","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2007.11.025","article-title":"Modelling local food depletion effects in mussel rafts of Galician Rias","volume":"274","author":"P Duarte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.12.017","article-title":"Management of productivity, environmental effects and profitability of shellfish aquaculture\u2014the Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model","volume":"264","author":"JG Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12417","article-title":"Impact of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica biodeposit resuspension on the seston, nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton dynamics: A mesocosm experiment","volume":"586","author":"ET Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref054","volume-title":"A Data Repository for Minimal Effects of Oyster Aquaculture on Water Quality: Examples from Southern Chesapeake Bay","author":"JS Turner","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref055","first-page":"529","article-title":"Standard deviation of the mean of autocorrelated observations estimated with the use of the autocorrelation function estimated from the data","volume":"XVIII","author":"A Zieba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metrol Meas Syst"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.023","article-title":"A review of existing eastern oyster filtration rate models","volume":"297","author":"MK Ehrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref057","volume-title":"A report to The Nature Conservancy","author":"ML Kellogg","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref058","volume-title":"Supplement to the report to The Nature Conservancy","author":"ML Kellogg","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.11.054","article-title":"Impact of suspended and off-bottom eastern oyster culture on the benthic environment in eastern Canada","volume":"255","author":"AL Mallet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.06.017","article-title":"Suspended versus bottom oyster culture in eastern Canada: Comparing stocking densities and clearance rates","volume":"410\u2013411","author":"LA Comeau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2307\/1352288","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to evaluatingimpacts of shellfish aquaculture on benthic communities","volume":"18","author":"J Grant","year":"1995","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref062","volume-title":"Alterations in the structure of macrobenthic communities related to the culture of oysters (Crassostrea gigas)","author":"AJ Thorn","year":"1997"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00041456","article-title":"Incidence of mussel culture on biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface","volume":"207","author":"D Baudinet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.12.026","article-title":"Impact of an open-sea suspended mussel culture on macrobenthic community (Western Adriatic Sea)","volume":"289","author":"G Fabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00473-3","article-title":"Environmental management of marine aquaculture in Tasmania, Australia","volume":"226","author":"C. Crawford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2009.10.007","article-title":"Vertical structure of tidal current in a typically coastal raft-culture area","volume":"29","author":"X Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cont Shelf Res"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00175","article-title":"Magnitude, spatial scale and optimization of ecosystem services from a nutrient extraction mussel farm in the eutrophic Skive Fjord, Denmark","volume":"8","author":"P Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquac Environ Interact"},{"key":"pone.0224768.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3354\/meps141037","article-title":"Growth, filtration and respiration in the mussel Mytilus edulis: No evidence for physiological regulation of the filter-pump to nutritional needs","volume":"141","author":"I Clausen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224768","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1573134680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224768"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Robledo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224768","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]}}}