{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:06:29Z","timestamp":1788444389635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-A-14-00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-14-00012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-A-15-00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-15-00035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:31:40Z","timestamp":1573219900000},"page":"e0224898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Vaginal ring acceptability and related preferences among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-2773","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-2830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Ridgeway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-4445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3439-1199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristine","family":"Torjesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7075-3003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jill","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Baggaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"van der Straten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.01.025","article-title":"Why consider vaginal drug administration?","volume":"82","author":"NJ Alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.03.005","article-title":"Comparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptive","volume":"72","author":"MW van den Heuvel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.469","article-title":"Efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of a novel contraceptive vaginal ring releasing etonogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol","volume":"16","author":"FJ Roumen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human reproduction (Oxford, England)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00057-8","article-title":"Preregistration study on the safety and contraceptive efficacy of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring in Chilean nursing women","volume":"60","author":"R Massai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000526","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"DD Rahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref006","first-page":"823","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of a novel estradiol vaginal ring for relief of menopausal symptoms","volume":"102","author":"L Speroff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.044","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring. A prospective, randomized, pilot study","volume":"94","author":"C Battaglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"E-1","key":"pone.0224898.ref008","first-page":"45","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV-1 prevention in African women","volume":"24","author":"A Nel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Topics in Antiviral Medicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0224898.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506110","article-title":"Use of a vaginal ring containing dapivirine for HIV-1 prevention in women","volume":"375","author":"JM Baeten","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S34030","article-title":"Intravaginal rings as delivery systems for microbicides and multipurpose prevention technologies","volume":"5","author":"AR Thurman","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of women's health"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref011","article-title":"Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Dapivirine and Levonorgestrel Vaginal Rings for Multipurpose Prevention of HIV and Pregnancy","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS research and human retroviruses"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0224898.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku160","article-title":"Pre-clinical development of a combination microbicide vaginal ring containing dapivirine and darunavir","volume":"69","author":"DJ Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0224898.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002655","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002655","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of single, dual, and triple antiretroviral drug formulations delivered by pod-intravaginal rings designed for HIV-1 prevention: A Phase I trial","volume":"15","author":"KL Vincent","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12606","article-title":"Multipurpose prevention technologies: maximising positive synergies","volume":"121","author":"M Lusti\u2010Narasimhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.051","article-title":"The role of contraceptive attributes in women's contraceptive decision making","volume":"213","author":"T Madden","year":"2015","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref016","first-page":"ghs1300010","article-title":"Use of modern contraception increases when more methods become available: analysis of evidence from 1982\u20132009","author":"J Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Health: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000221","article-title":"Planning for HIV preexposure prophylaxis introduction: lessons learned from contraception.","volume":"11","author":"S Delany-Moretlwe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref018","volume-title":"WHO handbook for guideline development","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0224898.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283590632","article-title":"Acceptability in microbicide and PrEP trials: current status and a reconceptualization","volume":"7","author":"BS Mensch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","article-title":"Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework","volume":"17","author":"M Sekhon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.12.011","article-title":"Knowledge synthesis methods for integrating qualitative and quantitative data: a scoping review reveals poor operationalization of the methodological steps","volume":"73","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0224898.ref023","first-page":"29","article-title":"A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials","volume":"10","author":"J Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01849492","article-title":"Contraceptive vaginal ring\u2014a rising star on the contraceptive horizon","volume":"6","author":"K Buckshee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Advances in contraception: the official journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00043-2","article-title":"The comparative trial of TCu 380A IUD and progesterone-releasing vaginal ring used by lactating women","volume":"57","author":"JH Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.05.009","article-title":"Efficacy of combined hormonal vaginal ring in comparison to combined hormonal pills in heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"203","author":"P Dahiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2016.00012.7","article-title":"Combined contraceptive vaginal ring- its acceptability in Indian women","volume":"7","author":"S Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2016.1186269","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) compared with a combined oral contraceptive in Chinese women: a 1-year randomised trial","volume":"21","author":"GS Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref031","first-page":"321","article-title":"Clinical performance with contraceptive vaginal rings containing levonorgestrel","volume":"84","author":"AN Gupta","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Indian journal of medical research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref032","first-page":"Qc21","article-title":"A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Side-Effects of Intravaginal Ring (Nuvaring((R))) With Combined Oral Hormonal Preparation in Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding","volume":"10","author":"S Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(86)90022-3","article-title":"Bioavailability of levonorgestrel from intravaginal rings in women of low income groups","volume":"33","author":"K Madhavan Nair","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(81)90046-9","article-title":"Clinical performance and endocrine profiles with contraceptive vaginal rings containing a combination of estradiol and D-norgestrel","volume":"23","author":"S Mehta","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref035","first-page":"105","article-title":"Reports of acceptability by women using novel contraceptive vaginal rings in diverse settings","volume":"23","author":"R Merkatz","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-014-0559-7","article-title":"Multicenter Study of Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing((R))) in Normal Daily Practice in Indian Women","volume":"64","author":"SN Pandit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.10.026","article-title":"Comparison of combined hormonal vaginal ring and low dose combined oral hormonal pill for the treatment of idiopathic chronic pelvic pain: a randomised trial","volume":"207","author":"K Priya","year":"2016","journal-title":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref038","first-page":"235","article-title":"Acceptability, tolerability, and satisfaction of a contraceptive vaginal ring (the NuvaRing) among Thai women","volume":"10","author":"S Santibenchakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Biomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref039","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy, compliance, acceptability and tolerability of hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) versus combined oral contraceptives (COCs)\u2014a prospective randomized controlled study in a district level hospital in East Delhi","volume":"7","author":"R Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-014-0560-1","article-title":"Impact of structured counseling on the selection of hormonal contraceptive methods: results of a multi-centric, observational study in India","volume":"64","author":"N Sheriar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref041","first-page":"E385","article-title":"Nurses and contraceptive vaginal ring: To use or not to use?","volume":"131","author":"HH Siraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-013-0391-5","article-title":"Efficacy, user acceptability, tolerability, and cycle control of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring: the Indian perspective","volume":"63","author":"A Soni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref043","first-page":"147","article-title":"Acceptablity of contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing\u00ae) amongst nurses in a Malaysian Teaching Hospital.","volume":"119","author":"T Vijayaletchumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.07.012","article-title":"Contraceptive vaginal ring treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomized controlled trial with norethisterone","volume":"85","author":"H Abu Hashim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref045","article-title":"Acceptability of and Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV-1 Prevention","author":"E Browne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adherence"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref046","article-title":"What Do Women Prefer in a Vaginal HIV Prevention Product? Findings from a Discrete Choice Experiment in Southern Africa","author":"E Browne","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV Research for Prevention"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref047","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hygiene, Blood Flow, and Vaginal Overload: Why Women Removed an HIV Prevention Vaginal Ring During Menstruation in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe.","author":"Z Duby","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS and behavior"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref048","unstructured":"Healthcare I. Summary Booklet: Assessing the Potential of MPTs in South Africa, Uganda, and Nigeria."},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref049","unstructured":"Healthcare I. Assessing the potential of MPTs in South Africa, Uganda and Nigeria. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; 2014."},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref050","unstructured":"Progesterone Vaginal Ring: Results of an Acceptability Study in Nigeria [Internet]. Population Council. 2015."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197572","article-title":"A randomised trial of a contraceptive vaginal ring in women at risk of HIV infection in Rwanda: Safety of intermittent and continuous use","volume":"13","author":"E Kestelyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199096","article-title":"High acceptability of a contraceptive vaginal ring among women in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"13","author":"E Kestelyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref053","article-title":"Acceptability and Predictors of Uptake of Anti-retroviral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Fishing Communities in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Discrete Choice Experiment Survey","author":"MO Kuteesa","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS and behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20875","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20875","article-title":"Stated product formulation preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among women in the VOICE-D (MTN-003D) study","volume":"19","author":"EH Luecke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29392\/joghr.2.e2018032","article-title":"Non-adherence among women enrolled in a contraceptive vaginal ring use study in Kisumu, Kenya, 2014\u20132015","volume":"2","author":"E McLellan-Lemal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Global Health Reports"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref056","article-title":"Vaginal Ring Use in a Phase 3 Microbicide Trial: A Comparison of Objective Measures and Self-reports of Non-adherence in ASPIRE","author":"BS Mensch","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS and behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001945","article-title":"Young Women's Stated Preferences for Biomedical HIV Prevention: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment in Kenya and South Africa","volume":"80","author":"AM Minnis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0224898.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2078-5","article-title":"Young Women's Ratings of Three Placebo Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for HIV and Pregnancy Prevention in a Randomized, Cross-Over Study in Kenya and South Africa","volume":"22","author":"AM Minnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS and behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0224898.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.03.008","article-title":"Combined contraceptive ring versus combined oral contraceptive (30-mu g ethinylestradiol and 3-mg drospirenone).","volume":"114","author":"AMM Mohamed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25283","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25283","article-title":"End\u2010user preference for and choice of four vaginally delivered HIV prevention methods among young women in South Africa and Zimbabwe: the Quatro Clinical Crossover Study","volume":"22","author":"ET Montgomery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0224898.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0248-4","article-title":"Vaginal ring adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: expulsion, removal, and perfect use","volume":"16","author":"ET Montgomery","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref062","first-page":"367","article-title":"Empowering trial participants to use the dapivirine vaginal ring: Experience from an open label extension trial in South Western Uganda","volume":"34","author":"I Nassuuna","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS research and human retroviruses"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref063","first-page":"200","article-title":"Examining the relationship between multiple sexual partners and adherence to the dapivirine vaginal ring in a trial in South Western Uganda","volume":"34","author":"AK Ndagire","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS research and human retroviruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147743","article-title":"Safety, Acceptability and Adherence of Dapivirine Vaginal Ring in a Microbicide Clinical Trial Conducted in Multiple Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"A Nel","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0196904","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196904","article-title":"Safety of a silicone elastomer vaginal ring as potential microbicide delivery method in African women: A Phase 1 randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"A Nel","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001866","article-title":"Impact of Partner-Related Social Harms on Women's Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring During a Phase III Trial","volume":"79","author":"T Palanee-Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)."},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref067","article-title":"Divergent stated preferences for new antiretroviral-based HIV prevention products across adults, adolescents and female sex workers in South Africa","author":"M. Quaife","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Health Economics Congress"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref068","first-page":"158","article-title":"Divergent stated preferences for new multipurpose prevention products across adults, adolescents and female sex workers in South Africa","volume":"32","author":"M Quaife","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref069","author":"S RamaRao","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12046","article-title":"Do Women Find the Progesterone Vaginal Ring Acceptable? Findings from Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal","volume":"49","author":"S RamaRao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Studies in family planning"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref071","unstructured":"Routes2Results. Understanding Consumer Preferences for Prevention Products. 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25094","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25094","article-title":"The Tablets, Ring, Injections as Options (TRIO) study: what young African women chose and used for future HIV and pregnancy prevention.","volume":"21","author":"A van der Straten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref073","article-title":"First Impressions Matter: How Initial Worries Influence Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring.","author":"A van der Straten","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0224898.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0215-0","article-title":"High acceptability of a vaginal ring intended as a microbicide delivery method for HIV prevention in African women","volume":"16","author":"A van der Straten","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1911-6","article-title":"End-Users' Product Preference Across Three Multipurpose Prevention Technology Delivery Forms: Baseline Results from Young Women in Kenya and South Africa","volume":"22","author":"R Weinrib","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.10.009","article-title":"Bleeding patterns of women using extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring","volume":"75","author":"FA Barreiros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(81)90006-8","article-title":"Acceptability of the contraceptive vaginal ring by rural and urban population in two Latin American countries","volume":"24","author":"A Faundes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.05.004","article-title":"Extended regimens of the vaginal contraceptive ring: cycle control","volume":"80","author":"CA Guazzelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0224898.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.04.013","article-title":"Delivery of microbicides to the vagina: difficulties reported with the use of three devices, adherence to use and preferences","volume":"76","author":"E Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0224898.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2307\/1965397","article-title":"User's perception of the contraceptive vaginal ring: a field study in Brazil and the Dominican Republic","volume":"14","author":"EE Hardy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Studies in family planning"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(96)01072-9","article-title":"Estradiol delivery by vaginal rings: potential for hormone replacement therapy","volume":"26","author":"HA Nash","year":"1997","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref082","first-page":"107","article-title":"The impact of contraceptive counselling in the prescription of combined hormonal contraceptives","volume":"21","author":"ES Plascencia-Nieto","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0224898.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199778","article-title":"Randomized, placebo controlled phase I trial of safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and acceptability of tenofovir and tenofovir plus levonorgestrel vaginal rings in women.","volume":"13","author":"AR Thurman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00035-9","article-title":"Efficacy, bleeding patterns, and side effects of a 1-year contraceptive vaginal ring","volume":"59","author":"E Weisberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2013.819077","article-title":"Factors influencing women's selection of combined hormonal contraceptive methods after counselling in 11 countries: Results from a subanalysis of the CHOICE study","volume":"18","author":"J Bitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0224898.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.637586","article-title":"The CHOICE study: effect of counselling on the selection of combined hormonal contraceptive methods in 11 countries","volume":"17","author":"J Bitzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care: the official journal of the European Society of Contraception"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2018.1532074","article-title":"Current contraceptive trends among married Egyptian women: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"23","author":"DMR Dakhly","year":"2018","journal-title":"The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care: the official journal of the European Society of Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-13-9","article-title":"Women's perceptions and reasons for choosing the pill, patch, or ring in the CHOICE study: a cross-sectional survey of contraceptive method selection after counseling","volume":"13","author":"C Egarter","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"pone.0224898.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90294-F","article-title":"Contraception with progestogens and progesterone during lactation","volume":"40","author":"MM Shaaban","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0224898.ref090","first-page":"105","article-title":"Microdose intravaginal levonorgestrel contraception: a multicentre clinical trial. I. Contraceptive efficacy and side effects","volume":"41","author":"S Koetsawang","year":"1990","journal-title":"World Health Organization. Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation. Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref091","first-page":"S34","article-title":"The role of contraceptive choice among counselled women (according to the project CHOICE in Russia).","volume":"17","author":"V Prilepskaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(81)90003-2","article-title":"A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. I-Use effectiveness. An international comparative trial","volume":"24","author":"I Sivin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref093","first-page":"94","article-title":"Frequency of partner-related social harms and their impact on adherence to the dapivirine vaginal ring during the MTN020\/ aspire HIV prevention trial","volume":"32","author":"T Palanee-Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0224898.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2605-y","article-title":"Medical treatment of idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding. What is new? An evidence based approach","volume":"287","author":"H. Abu Hashim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref095","first-page":"295","article-title":"Vaginal microbiota and mucosal pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in healthy women using placebo, tenofovir and tenofovir\/levonorgestrel vaginal rings","volume":"34","author":"A Thurman","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0224898.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602046","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV Prevention in Women.","volume":"375","author":"A Nel","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref097","first-page":"S85","article-title":"Factors influencing women's selection of contraceptive methods during counselling","volume":"17","author":"J Bitzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0224898.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2011.12.003","article-title":"Contraceptive counselling and factors affecting women's contraceptive choices: results of the CHOICE study in Austria","volume":"24","author":"C Egarter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproductive biomedicine online"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(02)00514-0","article-title":"The combined contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing: an international study of user acceptability","volume":"67","author":"A Novak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d41c4a","article-title":"Association between tampon use and choosing the contraceptive vaginal ring","volume":"115","author":"M Tepe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref101","article-title":"Strategies to improve adherence and continuation of shorter\u2010term hormonal methods of contraception","author":"N Mack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0224898.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001452","article-title":"Acceptability and use of a dapivirine vaginal ring in a phase III trial","volume":"31","author":"ET Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0224898.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001868","article-title":"Reasons for nonadherence to the dapivirine vaginal ring: narrative explanations of objective drug-level results","volume":"32","author":"ET Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0224898.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.02.007","article-title":"Attitudes toward the vaginal ring and transdermal patch among adolescents and young women","volume":"45","author":"TR Raine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0224898.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.4.571","article-title":"Female-initiated barrier methods for the prevention of STI\/HIV: where are we now? Where should we go?","volume":"78","author":"M. Latka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of urban health"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref106","article-title":"Efficacy of the 1-year (13-cycle) segesterone acetate and ethinylestradiol contraceptive vaginal system: results of two multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 trials","author":"DF Archer","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S185712","article-title":"\"We are not the same\": African women's view of multipurpose prevention products in the TRIO clinical study","volume":"11","author":"MK Shapley-Quinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of women's health"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"pone.0224898.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.09.019","article-title":"Lessons from reproductive health to inform multipurpose prevention technologies: don't reinvent the wheel","volume":"100","author":"M Brady","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral research"},{"key":"pone.0224898.ref109","author":"R Snow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Attributes of contraceptive technology: womens preferences in seven countries"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0224898.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.12.011","article-title":"The relation between intermittent dosing and adherence: preliminary insights","volume":"28","author":"ME Kruk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0224898.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.195","article-title":"Developing a valid patient\u2010reported outcome measure","volume":"90","author":"NE Rothrock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:32:11Z","timestamp":1573219931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224898"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"das Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]}}}