{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1775749495279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ULTR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULTR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR024975-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024975-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2 UL1 TR000445-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 UL1 TR000445-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAREER 1452485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAREER 1452485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21EY024036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21EY024036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 MH110598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 MH110598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAGA-18-418231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAGA-18-418231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-EB021937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-EB021937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-MH18921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-MH18921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T13:39:55Z","timestamp":1574861995000},"page":"e0225495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Discovering novel disease comorbidities using electronic medical records"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-2665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shikha","family":"Chaganti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie F.","family":"Welty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-3373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Failla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carissa","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Mawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori L.","family":"Beason-Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Blume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bennett A.","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0225495.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001145","article-title":"Next-generation phenotyping of electronic health records","volume":"20","author":"G Hripcsak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2053","article-title":"Combining electronic healthcare databases in Europe to allow for large\u2010scale drug safety monitoring: the EU\u2010ADR Project","volume":"20","author":"PM Coloma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001926","article-title":"Electronic health records based phenotyping in next-generation clinical trials: A perspective from the NIH health care systems collaboratory","volume":"20","author":"RL Richesson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.121881","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection: a study of 101 cases","volume":"55","author":"NA Ahmad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2009.01.008","article-title":"Patterns of readmission and reoperation within 90 days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","volume":"5","author":"TA Kellogg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019586","article-title":"Knowledge-driven multi-locus analysis reveals gene-gene interactions influencing HDL cholesterol level in two independent EMR-linked biobanks","volume":"6","author":"SD Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905980","article-title":"Genomewide association studies and assessment of the risk of disease","volume":"363","author":"TA Manolio","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq126","article-title":"PheWAS: demonstrating the feasibility of a phenome-wide scan to discover gene\u2013disease associations","volume":"26","author":"JC Denny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0212","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of medical conditions associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma using Medicare claims (\u201cMedWAS\u201d)","author":"EA Engels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005203","article-title":"Exploring clinical associations using \u2018-omics\u2019 based enrichment analyses","volume":"4","author":"DA Hanauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021132","article-title":"Discovering disease associations by integrating electronic clinical data and medical literature","volume":"6","author":"AB Holmes","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.11.017","article-title":"Prioritizing GWAS results: a review of statistical methods and recommendations for their application","volume":"86","author":"RM Cantor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-309","article-title":"PRESTO: rapid calculation of order statistic distributions and multiple-testing adjusted P-values via permutation for one and two-stage genetic association studies","volume":"9","author":"BL Browning","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref015","first-page":"561","article-title":"Replication in genome-wide association studies","volume":"24","author":"P Kraft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Sci A Rev J Inst Math Stat"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.11.017","article-title":"Prioritizing GWAS Results: A Review of Statistical Methods and Recommendations for Their Application","volume":"86","author":"RM Cantor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0188299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188299","article-title":"Second-generation p-values: Improved rigor, reproducibility, & transparency in statistical analyses","volume":"13","author":"JD Blume","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03295.2003","article-title":"Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies of older adults: a shrinking brain","volume":"23","author":"SM Resnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2749","article-title":"Systematic comparison of phenome-wide association study of electronic medical record data and genome-wide association study data","volume":"31","author":"JC Denny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref020","unstructured":"Aronson AR. Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: the MetaMap program. Proceedings of the AMIA Symposium. American Medical Informatics Association; 2001. p. 17."},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.11.006","article-title":"Evidence supporting an altered immune response in ASD","volume":"163","author":"J Mead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.08.036","article-title":"Immune endophenotypes in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"81","author":"M Careaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.158","article-title":"The role of the immune system in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"42","author":"A Meltzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.10.004","article-title":"Convergence of sex differences and the neuroimmune system in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"81","author":"MM McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.422","article-title":"FOXC1 is required for normal cerebellar development and is a major contributor to chromosome 6p25. 3 Dandy-Walker malformation","volume":"41","author":"KA Aldinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3880","article-title":"Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease","volume":"16","author":"FL Heppner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317134","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s and Lewy body dementias","volume":"89","author":"E King","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000521","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory biomarkers are related to cerebrovascular disease in older adults","volume":"6","author":"Y Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1404","article-title":"The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis. Experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial","volume":"49","author":"ONS Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref031","first-page":"727","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final optic neuritis treatment trial follow-up","volume":"65","author":"ONS Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31103-1","article-title":"The course of visual recovery after optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial","volume":"101","author":"RW Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref033","first-page":"4032","article-title":"Tracking the recovery of local optic nerve function after optic neuritis: a multifocal VEP study","volume":"41","author":"DC Hood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.01.019","article-title":"Vision and falls: a multidisciplinary review of the contributions of visual impairment to falls among older adults","volume":"75","author":"RJ Reed-Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2004.00668.x","article-title":"Assessment and management of falls in older people","volume":"34","author":"K Hill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.418","article-title":"The risk of fracture in patients with multiple sclerosis: the UK general practice research","volume":"26","author":"MT Bazelier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61194-5","article-title":"Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study","volume":"370","author":"L Kappos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04725-5","article-title":"Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study","volume":"357","author":"G Comi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref039","article-title":"PolySearch: a web-based text mining system for extracting relationships between human diseases, genes, mutations, drugs and metabolites","author":"D Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pone.0225495.ref040","article-title":"Best Match: New relevance search for PubMed","author":"N Fiorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T13:40:10Z","timestamp":1574862010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225495"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Luca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225495","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]}}}