{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:09:00Z","timestamp":1784696940533,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T13:46:40Z","timestamp":1574862400000},"page":"e0225646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Psychological well-being and distress in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: The roles of positive and negative functioning"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1151-3066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Iani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella Mattea","family":"Quinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lauriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luigia","family":"Crosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0225646.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking Rumination.","volume":"3","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref002","first-page":"11","article-title":"The long-term clinical course of generalized anxiety disorder.","volume":"63","author":"MB Keller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118468197.ch4","volume-title":"The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology","author":"S Joseph","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118468197","volume-title":"The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology","author":"AM Wood","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001391","article-title":"Flexible and tenacious goal pursuit lead to improving well-being in an aging population: a ten-year cohort study","volume":"25","author":"RE Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018790003416","article-title":"Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes","volume":"22","author":"TD Borkovec","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199905)6:2<86::AID-CPP189>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"A metacognitive model and therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.","volume":"6","author":"A Wells","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-20051001-06","article-title":"Perceived Health and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: The Effects of Worry and Personal Variables","volume":"31","author":"C Fakouri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref009","first-page":"Doc06","article-title":"Is worry different from rumination? Yes, it is more predictive of psychopathology!","volume":"6","author":"J Hoyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosoc Med"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.12.006","article-title":"Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety.","volume":"49","author":"KA McLaughlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.014","article-title":"The relationship between worry, rumination, and comorbidity: Evidence for repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic construct","volume":"151","author":"PM McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.2.163","article-title":"Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought","volume":"134","author":"ER Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"W Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.5.909","article-title":"A Multidimensional Structure for Repetitive Thought: What\u2019s on Your Mind, and How, and How Much?","volume":"85","author":"SC Segerstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880600583287","article-title":"The link between emotional competence and well-being: A longitudinal study.","volume":"34","author":"J Ciarrochi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Guid Couns"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.117.2.314","article-title":"Ruminative Self-Focus and Negative Affect: An Experience Sampling Study","volume":"117","author":"NJ Moberly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12037","article-title":"Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"BO Olatunji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.08.008","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"43","author":"DS Mennin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/10182-006","volume-title":"Emotion, disclosure, & health.","author":"P Salovey","year":"1995"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref020","first-page":"16","article-title":"The role of emotional intelligence in anxiety and depression among adolescents","volume":"4","author":"P Fern\u00e1ndez-Berrocal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Individ Differ Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.05.051","article-title":"Why are people high in emotional intelligence happier? They make the most of their positive emotions","volume":"117","author":"D Szczygie\u0142","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.01.037","article-title":"Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being","volume":"50","author":"NS Schutte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref023","first-page":"183","article-title":"Factores protectores de la salud mental: Un estudio comparativo sobre valores, autoestima e inteligencia emocional en poblaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica y poblaci\u00f3n general","volume":"26","author":"VC G\u00f3ngora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interdisciplinaria"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-011-9167-1","article-title":"Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Symptoms in Outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).","volume":"82","author":"NP Lizeretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q."},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191111408231","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Depressed Adults and Development of a Short Form.","volume":"18","author":"E Bohlmeijer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12180","article-title":"Relations of mindfulness facets with psychological symptoms among individuals with a diagnosis of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, or borderline personality disorder","volume":"92","author":"F Didonna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother Theory, Res Pract"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref027","first-page":"317","article-title":"Mindfulness e benessere psicologico: Il ruolo della regolazione delle emozioni.","volume":"44","author":"L Iani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Psicologia"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-016-0645-2","article-title":"Dimensions of Mindfulness and Their Relations with Psychological Well-Being and Neuroticism","volume":"8","author":"L Iani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.06.003","article-title":"Positive Clinical Psychology: A new vision and strategy for integrated research and practice","volume":"30","author":"AM Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref030","first-page":"1","article-title":"The assessment of mindfulness skills: the \u201cwhat\u201d and the \u201chow.\u201d","author":"L Iani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ment Heal."},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000148","article-title":"Short scales - Five misunderstandings andways to overcome them.","volume":"35","author":"M Ziegler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Individ Differ"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327","article-title":"On the evaluation of structural equation models","volume":"16","author":"RP Bagozzi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Acad Mark Sci"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.94.3.751-755","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale","volume":"94","author":"P Fernandez-Berrocal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-012-0082-0","article-title":"Measurement Invariance of Ryff\u2019s Psychological Well-being Scales Across Italian and Belarusian Students","volume":"113","author":"S Sirigatti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.15.2.173","article-title":"Assessing worry in older adults: confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and psychometric properties of an abbreviated model","volume":"15","author":"DR Hopko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref037","author":"J Cohen","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000286529","article-title":"The prevalence of \u201cAlexithymic\u201d characteristics in psychosomatic patients.","volume":"22","author":"PE Sifneos","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00014-3","article-title":"The relationship between emotional intelligence and alexithymia.","volume":"30","author":"JDA Parker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/cp.12134","article-title":"Alexithymia in parents and adolescents with generalised anxiety disorder.","volume":"22","author":"MF Paniccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191107313003","article-title":"Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples","volume":"15","author":"RA Baer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-011-0042-9","article-title":"Self-Reported Mindfulness Mediates the Relation Between Meditation Experience and Psychological Well-Being","volume":"2","author":"T Josefsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-018-0981-5","article-title":"Associations Between Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: the Key Role of Describing and Nonreactivity","volume":"10","author":"L Iani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600005965","article-title":"Emotional intelligence as predictor of mental, social, and physical health in university students","volume":"9","author":"N Extremera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Span J Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref045","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice","author":"TD Borkovec","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00267-6","article-title":"Psychological well-being and residual symptoms in remitted patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia","volume":"65","author":"GA Fava","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118468197.ch14","volume-title":"The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology.","author":"PC Watkins","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1348\/014466510X532715","article-title":"Specificity of worry and rumination in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in children","volume":"50","author":"K Verstraeten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1023\/B:COTR.0000045563.66060.3e","article-title":"Rumination and worry in nonclinical adolescents","volume":"28","author":"P Muris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9448-5","article-title":"Common versus unique variance across measures of worry and rumination: Predictive utility and mediational models for anxiety and depression","volume":"37","author":"PM McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.006","article-title":"Worry and rumination: Differential associations with anxious and depressive symptoms and coping behavior","volume":"45","author":"RY Hong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref052","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Applying emotional intelligence: A practitioner\u2019s guide","author":"J Ciarrochi","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2017.08.008","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression","volume":"40","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.01.006","article-title":"How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies","volume":"37","author":"J Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2012.674548","article-title":"Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of psychological wellbeing in long-term meditators and matched nonmeditators","volume":"7","author":"RA Baer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Posit Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00866","article-title":"A pilot study of the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on positive affect and social anxiety symptoms.","volume":"9","author":"M V Strege","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.05.005","article-title":"Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"B Khoury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-008-9030-2","article-title":"Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: Is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism?","volume":"35","author":"I Nyklicek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"pone.0225646.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08083","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: Effects on anxiety and stress reactivity","volume":"74","author":"EA Hoge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T13:46:57Z","timestamp":1574862417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225646"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Olino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225646","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]}}}