{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:15:03Z","timestamp":1780658103488,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T18:23:35Z","timestamp":1580149415000},"page":"e0226889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The correlation between the MRI-evaluated ectopic fat accumulation and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension depends on body mass index and waist circumference ratio"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-9888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna","family":"Pie\u0144kowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Brzeska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Kaszubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Szurowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0226889.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.14740\/gr731w","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreatic Disease: A Review of Literature","volume":"9","author":"H Tariq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0226889.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.4","article-title":"The clinical significance of pancreatic steatosis","volume":"8","author":"MM Smits","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0226889.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12665","article-title":"Impact of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease on glucose metabolism","volume":"8","author":"TY Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0226889.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0177154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177154","article-title":"Pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"SD Heber","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.10.009","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging in the management of patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"194","author":"SR Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0226889.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12862","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: more than ectopic fat","volume":"83","author":"C Della Corte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref007","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2017. http:\/\/www.who.int"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref008","unstructured":"OECD. OECD obesity update. 2017. 2018. http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/obesity-update.htm."},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0226889.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref010","unstructured":"Website of the International Diabetes Federation. http:\/\/www.idf.org\/ metabolic syndrome."},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1805","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes: etiology and reversibility","volume":"36","author":"R Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0226889.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7660","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7660","article-title":"Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease","volume":"22","author":"R Catanzaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0226889.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2918","article-title":"Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and its biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"RG Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0226889.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.1","article-title":"Fatty pancreas, insulin resistance, and \u03b2-cell function: a population study using fat-water magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"109","author":"VW Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0226889.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1869","article-title":"Clinical implications of fatty pancreas: correlations between fatty pancreas and metabolic syndrome","volume":"15","author":"JS Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0226889.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0074","article-title":"Lack of Independent Association Between Fatty Pancreas and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: 5-Year Japanese Cohort Study","volume":"39","author":"H Yamazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.012","article-title":"Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and its clinical relevance: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"69","author":"RG Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0226889.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S194690","article-title":"MRI assessment of ectopic fat accumulation in pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle in patients with obesity, overweight and normal BMI in correlation with the presence of central obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"J Pie\u0144kowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0226889.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.236844","article-title":"Estimation of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume by a Single Magnetic Resonance Imaging Slice in Healthy Elderly Adults","volume":"146","author":"L Schweitzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0226889.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15140446","article-title":"Pancreatic Steatosis Demonstrated at MR Imaging in the General Population: Clinical Relevance","volume":"276","author":"JP K\u00fchn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0226889.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22580","article-title":"Quantitative Assessment of Liver Fat with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy","volume":"34","author":"SB Reeder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0226889.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E462","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00064.2004","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepaticsteatosis in the general population","volume":"288","author":"LS Szczepaniak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0226889.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.110","article-title":"Pancreatic ectopic fat is characterized by adipocyte infiltration and altered lipid composition","volume":"16","author":"KE Pinnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0226889.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-014-9299-3","article-title":"Ectopic visceral fat: a clinical and molecular perspective on the cardiometabolic risk","volume":"15","author":"P Mathieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0226889.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355","article-title":"Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"CS Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0226889.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.248","article-title":"The relationship of waist circumference and BMI to visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat: sex and race differences","volume":"19","author":"SM Camhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0226889.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820701286177","article-title":"Hepato-pancreato-biliary fat: the good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"9","author":"HA Pitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0226889.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4070","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0584","article-title":"Noninvasive quantification of pancreatic fat in humans","volume":"94","author":"I Lingvay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0226889.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000297","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000297","article-title":"Enigmatic ectopic fat: prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease and its associated factors in a Chinese population","volume":"3","author":"CY Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-77","article-title":"Association between non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) and the metabolic syndrome: case-control retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"WC Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0226889.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.01.015","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of fatty pancreas by using EUS","volume":"73","author":"PS Sepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"pone.0226889.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0404-1","article-title":"Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease (NAFPD) and its risk factors among adult medical check-up patients in a private hospital: a large cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"CR Lesmana","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0226889.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0326","article-title":"Pancreatic fat content and beta-cell function in men with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"ME Tushuizen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0226889.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1073","article-title":"Pancreatic fat is negatively associated with insulin secretion in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and\/or impaired glucose tolerance: a nuclear magnetic resonance study","volume":"26","author":"M Heni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0226889.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1722","article-title":"Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas, liver, and abdominal fat depots: impact on \u03b2-cell function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism","volume":"96","author":"NJ van der Zijl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0226889.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3544-5","article-title":"Pancreatic adipose tissue infiltration, parenchymal steatosis and beta cell function in humans","volume":"58","author":"P Begovatz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0226889","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T01:10:20Z","timestamp":1665623420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0226889"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ulas","family":"Bagci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0226889","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]}}}