{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:38:53Z","timestamp":1789688333984,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Elternverein f\u00fcr Leuk\u00e4mie- und Tumorkranker Kinder W\u00fcrzburg e.v.","award":["unrestricted grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrestricted grant"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007311","name":"Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#DKS 2007.07, #DKS 2009.15, #DKS 2010.09, and #DKS A2013\/04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#DKS 2007.07, #DKS 2009.15, #DKS 2010.09, and #DKS A2013\/04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T18:30:20Z","timestamp":1579804220000},"page":"e0227693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Treatment of children under 4 years of age with medulloblastoma and ependymoma in the HIT2000\/HIT-REZ 2005 trials: Neuropsychological outcome 5 years after treatment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-8724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holger","family":"Ottensmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-5903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias","family":"Eyrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes E.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn-Ole","family":"Juhnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-8546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katja","family":"von Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Frahsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Faldum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5714-007X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Fleischhack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-6264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andre","family":"von Bueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Warmuth-Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-1819","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rolf D.","family":"Kortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2008-084","article-title":"Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative Chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy","volume":"11","author":"S Rutkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0227693.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042176","article-title":"Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone","volume":"352","author":"S Rutkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-15","article-title":"Impairment of intellectual functions after surgery and posterior fossa irradiation in children with ependymoma is related to age and neurologic complications","volume":"8","author":"K von Hoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0227693.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.32","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental impact on children treated for medulloblastoma: a review and proposed conceptual model","volume":"14","author":"SL Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental disabilities research reviews"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0227693.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.00.703","article-title":"Neurocognitive consequences of risk-adapted therapy for childhood medulloblastoma","volume":"23","author":"RK Mulhern","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1997.0659","article-title":"Neural Substrates of Fluid Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Neocortical Activation during Performance of the Raven\u00b4s Progressive Matrices Test","volume":"33","author":"V Prabhakaran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0227693.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.12.019","article-title":"Neuropsychological short assessment of disease- and treatment-related intelligence deficits in children with brain tumours","volume":"19","author":"H Ottensmeier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2008-084","article-title":"Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy","volume":"11","author":"S Rutkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0227693.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.9970","article-title":": Predicting change in academic abilities after conformal radiation therapy for localized ependymoma","volume":"26","author":"HM Conklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-010-9092-1","article-title":"Region et al al white matter anisotropy and reading ability in patients treated for pediatric embryonal tumors","volume":"4","author":"SL Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0227693.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou006","article-title":"Examination of risk factors for intellectual and academic outcomes following treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma","volume":"16","author":"JE Schreiber","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0227693.ref012","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Neurocognitive outcome 12 months following cerebellar mutism syndrome in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma","volume":"12","author":"SL Palmer","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0227693.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.04.058","article-title":"Incidence, risks, and sequelae of posterior fossa syndrome in pediatric medulloblastoma","volume":"77","author":"MP Korah","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.472","article-title":"Risk of young age for selected neurocognitive deficits in medulloblastoma are associated with white matter loss","volume":"19","author":"RK Mulhern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0227693.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950200302","article-title":"Neuropsychological status of children treated for brain tumors: a critical review and integrative analysis","volume":"20","author":"RK Mulhern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0227693.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.1.105","article-title":"Early patterns of verbal memory impairment in children treated for medulloblastoma","volume":"20","author":"BJ Nagel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"33","key":"pone.0227693.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.8547","article-title":"Changes in attentional performance of children and young adults with localized primary brain tumors after conformal radiation therapy","volume":"24","author":"EN Kiehna","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0227693.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200001377","article-title":"Patterns of neuropsychological deficits in children with medulloblastoma according to craniospatial irradiation doses","volume":"42","author":"V Kieffer-Renaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0227693.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.1.48","article-title":"Intrathecal methotrexate affects cognitive function in children with medulloblastoma","volume":"59","author":"D Riva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0227693.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.021","article-title":"Beyond age and gender: relationships between cortical and subcortical brain volume and cognitive-motor abilities in school-age children","volume":"54","author":"MM Pangelinan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0227693.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2867-3","article-title":"A systematic review of neuropsychological outcomes following posterior fossa tumor surgery in children","volume":"31","author":"E Hanzlik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child's nervous system: ChNS: official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22568","article-title":"A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Neurocognitive Sequelae in Survivors of Pediatric","volume":"55","author":"KE Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref023","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues","author":"WJ Schneider","year":"2012"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"pone.0227693.ref024","first-page":"71","article-title":"Pilot Trial HIT-SKK\u00b487\/HIT-SKK\u00b492: A retrospective neuropsychological study in children < 3 years of age with medulloblastoma","volume":"2","author":"H Ottensmeier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2008.08.004","article-title":"CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research","volume":"37","author":"KS McGrew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref026","volume-title":"Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) dt. Version","author":"P Melchers","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(00)00051-X","article-title":"Relationship among processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence","volume":"54","author":"AF Fry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0227693.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2015.11.001","article-title":"Executive function deficits in pediatric cerebellar tumor survivors","volume":"20","author":"E Koustenis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0227693.ref029","first-page":"294","article-title":"[Munster Heidelberg Abilities Scale\u2014a measuring instrument for global comparison of illness sequelae]","volume":"208","author":"JE Wolff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Klinische Padiatrie"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref030","volume-title":"Coloured Progressive Matrices (3. neu normierte Auflage).","author":"JC Raven","year":"2002"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0227693.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0825-08.2008","article-title":"Intelligence and variability in a simple timing task share neural substrates in the prefrontal white matter","volume":"28","author":"F Ullen","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref032","volume-title":"The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration VMI","author":"KE Beery","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref033","unstructured":"Luria AR: The Working Brain. In., edn. London; 1973."},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref034","volume-title":"A study of the development of imaginal representations","author":"J Piaget","year":"1971"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref035","volume-title":"Monograph","author":"KE Beery","year":"1967"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0227693.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043220","article-title":"A Continuous performance test of brain damage","volume":"20","author":"HE Rosvold","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref037","volume-title":"Wedemark","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1026\/0942-5403.15.2.100","article-title":"Kurzgefasste Intelligenzdiagnostik bei Hirntumoren","volume":"15","author":"H Ottensmeier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kindheit & Entwicklung"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0227693.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.5.1288","article-title":"Postoperative chemotherapy without irradiation for ependymoma in children under 5 years of age: a multicenter trial of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology","volume":"19","author":"J Grill","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0227693.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050164","article-title":"Modern treatment strategies in medulloblastoma","volume":"14","author":"J Kuhl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child's nervous system: ChNS: official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery"},{"key":"pone.0227693.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3115-3","volume-title":": Modelling survival data in medical research","author":"D Collett","year":"1994"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0227693.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.01.013","article-title":"Postponed is not canceled: role of craniospinal radiation therapy in the management of recurrent infant medulloblastoma\u2014an experience from the HIT-REZ 1997 & 2005 studies","volume":"88","author":"K Muller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0227693.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.01.034","article-title":"Changes in cerebral cortex of children treated for medulloblastoma","volume":"68","author":"AK Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0227693.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor025","article-title":"Treatment of young children with localized medulloblastoma by chemotherapy alone: results of the prospective, multicenter trial HIT 2000 confirming the prognostic impact of histology","volume":"13","author":"AO von Bueren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0227693.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809341668","article-title":"Medulloblastoma","volume":"24","author":"G Dhall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of child neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0227693.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2010.07.004","article-title":"Cognitive consequences of the treatment of medulloblastoma among children","volume":"44","author":"JM Saury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0227693.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24496","article-title":"Intellectual and academic outcome following two chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy for average-risk medulloblastoma: COG A9961","volume":"60","author":"MD Ris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21700","article-title":"Neurocognitive late effects of chemotherapy in children: the past 10 years of research on brain structure and function","volume":"52","author":"FS Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0227693.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.12.003","article-title":"Quality of survival assessment in European childhood brain tumour trials, for children aged 5 years and over","volume":"19","author":"Brain Tumour Quality of Survival Group ISoPO","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0227693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T15:03:00Z","timestamp":1614092580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0227693"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Glod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0227693","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]}}}