{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:33:20Z","timestamp":1778286800025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003099","name":"FAZIT Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T14:58:20Z","timestamp":1589468300000},"page":"e0228119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A flexible workflow for simulating transcranial electric stimulation in healthy and lesioned brains"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9856-1230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kalloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Bazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Villringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Sehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Hlawitschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0228119.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.10.041","article-title":"Simultaneous stimulation using rTMS and tDCS produces the most effective modulation of motor cortical excitability in healthy subjects: A pilot study","volume":"694","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience letters"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref002","article-title":"Towards precise brain stimulation: Is electric field simulation related to neuromodulation?","author":"D Antonenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37226-x","article-title":"Can electric fields explain inter-individual variability in transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex?","volume":"9","author":"I Laakso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.01.054","article-title":"Inconsistent outcomes of transcranial direct current stimulation may originate from anatomical differences among individuals: electric field simulation using individual MRI data","volume":"564","author":"JH Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience letters"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.08.005","article-title":"Modeling sequence and quasi-uniform assumption in computational neurostimulation","volume":"222","author":"M Bikson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in brain research"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.11.001","article-title":"Individualized model predicts brain current flow during transcranial direct-current stimulation treatment in responsive stroke patient","volume":"4","author":"A Datta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref008","unstructured":"Vorwerk J, Magyari L, Ludewig J, Oostenveld R, Wolters C. The FieldTrip-SimBio pipeline for finite element EEG forward computations in MATLAB: Validation and application. In the International Conference on Basic and Clinical Multimodal Imaging; 2013."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.11.058","article-title":"Brainstimulator: A Flexible Extensible Software Tool for Modeling and Optimizing Transcranial Brain Stimulation","volume":"10","author":"M Dannhauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thielscher A, Antunes A, Saturnino GB. Field modeling for transcranial magnetic stimulation: A useful tool to understand the physiological effects of TMS? In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE; 2015. p. 222\u2013225","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318340"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.12.008","article-title":"COMETS2: An advanced MATLAB toolbox for the numerical analysis of electric fields generated by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"277","author":"C Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056006","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab208d","article-title":"Realistic volumetric-approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation\u2014ROAST\u2014a fully automated open-source pipeline","volume":"16","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of neural engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-009-9061-2","article-title":"The Java Image Science Toolkit (JIST) for rapid prototyping and publishing of neuroimaging software","volume":"8","author":"BC Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref014","unstructured":"Mcauliffe M, Lalonde F, McGarry DP, Gandler W, Csaky K, Trus B. Medical Image Processing, Analysis & Visualization in Clinical Research. In Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems; 2001 Feb. p. 381\u2013386."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref015","unstructured":"Foundation B. Blender.; 2017 [last access: 23.10.2017, https:\/\/www.blender.org]."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012387582-2\/50038-1","article-title":"Paraview: An end-user tool for large data visualization","author":"J Ahrens","year":"2005","journal-title":"The visualization handbook"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref017","volume-title":"The ParaView guide","author":"U Ayachit","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref018","unstructured":"The OpenFOAM Foundation. OpenFOAM.; 2017 [last access: 23.10.2017, http:\/\/www.openfoam.org\/]."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0228119.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab41ba","article-title":"Electric field simulations for transcranial brain stimulation using FEM: an efficient implementation and error analysis","volume":"16","author":"GB Saturnino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabri A, Pion S. CGAL: The computational geometry algorithms library. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems; 2009. p. 538\u2013539.","DOI":"10.1145\/1653771.1653865"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22005","article-title":"MRtrix: diffusion tractography in crossing fiber regions","volume":"22","author":"JD Tournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Su Y, Rorden C, Dmochowski J, Datta A, Parra LC. An automated method for high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modeling. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE; 2012. p. 5376\u20135379."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref023","article-title":"Semi-automated generation of individual computational models of the human head and torso from MR images","author":"B Kalloch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magnetic resonance in medicine"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.828354","article-title":"Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE): an algorithm for the validation of image segmentation","volume":"23","author":"SK Warfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2012.10.006","article-title":"A multiple object geometric deformable model for image segmentation","volume":"117","author":"JA Bogovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.06.043","article-title":"CRUISE: cortical reconstruction using implicit surface evolution","volume":"23","author":"X Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.020","article-title":"Age-specific CT and MRI templates for spatial normalization","volume":"61","author":"C Rorden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.005","article-title":"Using reciprocity for relating the simulation of transcranial current stimulation to the EEG forward problem","volume":"140","author":"S Wagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422","article-title":"Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm","author":"WE Lorensen","year":"1987","journal-title":"In ACM siggraph computer graphics"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref030","unstructured":"Cignoni P, Callieri M, Corsini M, Dellepiane M, Ganovelli F, Ranzuglia G. MeshLab: an Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool. In Scarano V, Chiara RD, Erra U, editors. Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference; 2008: The Eurographics Association."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref031","volume-title":"Numerical mathematics","author":"A Quarteroni","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taubin G. A signal processing approach to fair surface design. In Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques; 1995. p. 351\u2013358.","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218473"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0416-3","article-title":"A lightweight approach to repairing digitized polygon meshes","volume":"26","author":"M Attene","year":"2010","journal-title":"The visual computer"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.2579","article-title":"Gmsh: A 3-D finite element mesh generator with built-in pre-and post-processing facilities","volume":"79","author":"C Geuzaine","year":"2009","journal-title":"International journal for numerical methods in engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.014","article-title":"Influence of tissue conductivity anisotropy on EEG\/MEG field and return current computation in a realistic head model: a simulation and visualization study using high-resolution finite element modeling","volume":"30","author":"CH Wolters","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26059","article-title":"Diffusion MRI noise mapping using random matrix theory","volume":"76","author":"J Veraart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magnetic resonance in medicine"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016","article-title":"Denoising of diffusion MRI using random matrix theory","volume":"142","author":"J Veraart","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","article-title":"An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging","volume":"125","author":"JLR Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"SM Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref040","unstructured":"Dhollander T, Raffelt D, Connelly A. Unsupervised 3-tissue response function estimation from single-shell or multi-shell diffusion MR data without a co-registered T1 image. In ISMRM Workshop on Breaking the Barriers of Diffusion MRI; 2016."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.028","article-title":"Weighted linear least squares estimation of diffusion MRI parameters: strengths, limitations, and pitfalls","volume":"81","author":"J Veraart","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80775-1","article-title":"MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging","volume":"66","author":"PJ Basser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophysical journal"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref043","unstructured":"Westin CF, Peled S, Gudbjartsson H, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA. Geometrical Diffusion Measures for MRI from Tensor Basis Analysis. In ISMRM '97; 1997 Apr; Vancouver Canada. p. 1742."},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"M Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","article-title":"A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images","volume":"5","author":"M Jenkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medical image analysis"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref046","first-page":"1","article-title":"others. Non-linear registration, aka Spatial normalisation FMRIB technical report TR07JA2","volume":"2","author":"JLR Andersson","year":"2007","journal-title":"FMRIB Analysis Group of the University of Oxford"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2200046","article-title":"Transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS): models and technologies","volume":"21","author":"G Ruffini","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196811000-00016","article-title":"Current distribution in the brain from surface electrodes","volume":"47","author":"S Rush","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1969.4502598","article-title":"EEG electrode sensitivity-an application of reciprocity","author":"S Rush","year":"1969","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref050","first-page":"4506","article-title":"Spatial and polarity precision of concentric high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS)Physics in Medicine &","volume":"61","author":"M Alam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1983-z","article-title":"The LIFE-Adult-Study: objectives and design of a population-based cohort study with 10,000 deeply phenotyped adults in Germany","volume":"15","author":"M Loeffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.005","article-title":"A topology-preserving approach to the segmentation of brain images with multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"49","author":"N Shiee","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref053","first-page":"36","article-title":"Lesion location matters: the relationships between white matter hyperintensities on cognition in the healthy elderly. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &","volume":"39","author":"L Lampe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00710-2","article-title":"Variation in reported human head tissue electrical conductivity values","volume":"32","author":"H McCann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain topography"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref055","first-page":"587","article-title":"Automatic skull segmentation from MR images for realistic volume conductor models of the head: Assessment of the state-of-the-art","volume":"174","author":"JD Nielsen","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref056","author":"H Jasak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Error analysis and estimation for the finite volume method with applications to fluid flows"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18834","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18834","article-title":"Measurements and models of electric fields in the in vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Y Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066006","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/6\/066006","article-title":"Changing head model extent affects finite element predictions of transcranial direct current stimulation distributions","volume":"13","author":"A Indahlastari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neural engineering"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.12.204","article-title":"Proceedings# 35: Influence of model extent in forward simulations of tDCS: towards standardizing model extent","volume":"12","author":"C Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.10.006","article-title":"A novel ring electrode setup for the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"212","author":"B Sehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.11.016","article-title":"Visual face-movement sensitive cortex is relevant for auditory-only speech recognition","volume":"68","author":"P Riedel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.04.125","article-title":"Imaging of current flow in the human head during transcranial electrical therapy","volume":"10","author":"AK Kasinadhuni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain stimulation"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31236","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31236","article-title":"Spatiotemporal structure of intracranial electric fields induced by transcranial electric stimulation in humans and nonhuman primates","volume":"6","author":"A Opitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giy082","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy082","article-title":"Nighres: processing tools for high-resolution neuroimaging","volume":"7","author":"JM Huntenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.04.014","article-title":"The impact of large structural brain changes in chronic stroke patients on the electric field caused by transcranial brain stimulation","volume":"15","author":"S Minjoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2016.10.004","article-title":"Efficient multi-scale 3D CNN with fully connected CRF for accurate brain lesion segmentation","volume":"36","author":"K Kamnitsas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical image analysis"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.12.022","article-title":"White matter hyperintensity and stroke lesion segmentation and differentiation using convolutional neural networks","volume":"17","author":"R Guerrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"pone.0228119.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2018.09.007","article-title":"others. Fully automatic brain tumor segmentation using end-to-end incremental deep neural networks in MRI images","volume":"166","author":"R Saouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer methods and programs in biomedicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T14:58:49Z","timestamp":1589468329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228119"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marom","family":"Bikson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228119","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.01.09.900035","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]}}}