{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T21:54:47Z","timestamp":1777067687809,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRPA52,CMRPD2F0261 and CMRPD2G0291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPA52,CMRPD2F0261 and CMRPD2G0291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD2I0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD2I0061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H0791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H0791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H0792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H0792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3J0591,CMRPB53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3J0591,CMRPB53"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MOST","award":["MOST106-2314-B-182-025-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST106-2314-B-182-025-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T13:40:53Z","timestamp":1580823653000},"page":"e0228132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Multiclass classification of autofluorescence images of oral cavity lesions based on quantitative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ming-Jer","family":"Jeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0135-6645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mukta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yu","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiang-Fu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liann-Be","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0228132.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12508","article-title":"Expression of Epstein\u2013barr virus among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinomas in the South Indian tobacco-chewing population","volume":"46","author":"SS Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Pathology \u2026 Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02522-5","article-title":"Identification of oral cancer related candidate genes by integrating protein-protein interactions, gene ontology, pathway analysis and immunohistochemistry","volume":"7","author":"R Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref003","unstructured":"Stewart B, Wild CP, et al. World cancer report 2014. Self. 2018"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref004","unstructured":"Lingen MW, Kalmar JR, Karrison T, Speight PM. Taiwan\u2019s Leading Causes of Death in 2016. Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan. 2016."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0228132.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.07.032","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: a report of the American Dental Association","volume":"148","author":"MW Lingen","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Dental Association"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0228132.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23202","article-title":"Emerging insights into head and neck cancer metastasis","volume":"35","author":"CT Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head \u2026 neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref007","first-page":"6","article-title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: an overview of more than 20 entities","volume":"8","author":"H Mortazavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0228132.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.08.021","article-title":"Cancer cell metabolism: Warburg and beyond","volume":"134","author":"PP Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref009","first-page":"33","article-title":"Histochemical analysis of polarizing colors of collagen using Picrosirius Red staining in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"S Velidandla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of international oral health: JIOH"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-009-0153-y","article-title":"Elastofibromatous changes and hyperelastosis of the oral mucosa","volume":"4","author":"KI Tosios","year":"2010","journal-title":"Head and neck pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0228132.ref011","first-page":"95","article-title":"Evaluation of oral cancer screening","volume":"12","author":"NJ Burzynski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0228132.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0223","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"141","author":"MP Rethman","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Dental Association"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0228132.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0188440","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188440","article-title":"Mobile microscopy as a screening tool for oral cancer in India: A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"A Skandarajah","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17942","article-title":"Comparison of MR\/ultrasound fusion\u2013guided biopsy with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"313","author":"MM Siddiqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0228132.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.238.165","article-title":"Non-invasive techniques for detection and diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"238","author":"D Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2007.06.011","article-title":"Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer","volume":"44","author":"MW Lingen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral oncology"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2016.02.002","article-title":"An in vitro diagnosis of oral premalignant lesion using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy under UV excitation\u2014a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"U Kanniyappan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0228132.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054023","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2362741","article-title":"Autofluorescence spectroscopy of epithelial tissues","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of biomedical optics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of an autofluorescence based imaging system (VELscope\u2122) in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and benign keratoses","volume":"47","author":"K Awan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral oncology"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/194029","article-title":"Advances in optical adjunctive aids for visualisation and detection of oral malignant and potentially malignant lesions","volume":"2013","author":"N Bhatia","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of dentistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0228132.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.05.021","article-title":"Fluorescence based characterization of early oral squamous cell carcinoma using the Visually Enhanced Light Scope technique","volume":"45","author":"E Burian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0228132.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.07.002","article-title":"Assessment of a decision making protocol to improve the efficacy of VELscope\u2122 in general dental practice: a prospective evaluation","volume":"50","author":"N Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral oncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref023","first-page":"e447","article-title":"Efficacy of light based detection systems for early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: systematic review","volume":"21","author":"R Nagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0228132.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21834","article-title":"Efficacy of tissue autofluo-rescence imaging (VELScope) in the visualization of oral mucosal lesions","volume":"34","author":"CS Farah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head \u2026 neck"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0228132.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.159967","article-title":"Evaluation of premalignant and malignant lesions by fluorescent light (VELscope)","volume":"5","author":"D Sawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Society of Preventive \u2026 Community Dentistry"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.10.023","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy and spectrum of autofluorescence of benign, dysplastic and malignant lesions of the oral cavity using VELscope","volume":"75","author":"RS Ganga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral oncology"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.03.003","article-title":"Novel quantitative analysis of autofluorescence images for oral cancer screening","volume":"68","author":"TT Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0228132.ref028","first-page":"179","article-title":"The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems","volume":"7","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1936","journal-title":"Annals of human genetics"},{"issue":"88","key":"pone.0228132.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130376","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0376","article-title":"Defining the relationship between fetal Doppler indices, abdominal circumference and growth rate in severe fetal growth restriction using functional linear discriminant analysis","volume":"10","author":"A Talmor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-015-0041-9","article-title":"Visualisation of quadratic discriminant analysis and its application in exploration of microbial interactions","volume":"8","author":"S Gardner-Lubbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioData mining"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2017.01.021","article-title":"LDA vs. QDA for FT-MIR prostate cancer tissue classification","volume":"162","author":"LF Siqueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0228132.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091313","article-title":"Raman Spectroscopy Analysis for Optical Diagnosis of Oral Cancer Detection","volume":"8","author":"MJ Jeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of clinical medicine"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu X. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: Challenges and Realities: Challenges and Realities. Igi Global; 2007.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-252-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045007","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.4.045007","article-title":"Portable LED-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy for oral cancer diagnosis","volume":"22","author":"YJ Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of biomedical optics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12438","article-title":"Patterns of differentially expressed genes in oral mucosal lesions visualised under autofluorescence (VELscope\u2122)","volume":"22","author":"F Kordbacheh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-003-0211-8","article-title":"En-doscopic observation of tissue by narrowband illumination","volume":"10","author":"K Gono","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optical Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0228132.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.01.013","article-title":"Narrow band imaging and multiband imaging","volume":"67","author":"LMWK Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0228132.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6716","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1317","article-title":"Fluorescence visualization detection of field alterations in tumor margins of oral cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"CF Poh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0228132.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1160974","article-title":"The metabolic interaction of cancer cells and fibroblasts-coupling between NAD (P) H and FAD, intracellular pH and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"15","author":"IN Druzhkova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell cycle"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0228132.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02521.x","article-title":"In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging for oncological applications","volume":"68","author":"GA Wagnieres","year":"1998","journal-title":"Photochemistry and photobiology"},{"key":"pone.0228132.ref041","volume-title":"SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2006","author":"M Horner","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0228132.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.39","article-title":"The clinical effectiveness of reflectance optical spectroscopy for the in vivo diagnosis of oral lesions","volume":"6","author":"DV Messadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International journal of oral science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0228132.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22489-1","article-title":"Intensify3D: Normalizing signal intensity in large heterogenic image stacks","volume":"8","author":"N Yayon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0228132.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23097","article-title":"Regional Quantitative Histological Variations in Human Oral Mucosa","volume":"298","author":"J Ciano","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Anatomical Record"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1580823704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228132"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]}}}