{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T19:22:24Z","timestamp":1769455344813,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DP1095697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP1095697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T17:31:00Z","timestamp":1590773460000},"page":"e0229389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Crystalline methamphetamine (ice) use prior to youth detention: A forensic concern or a public health issue?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Spivak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3078-9407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephane","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Borschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart A.","family":"Kinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R. P.","family":"Ogloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Hachtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0229389.ref001","first-page":"110","article-title":"Smokable (\"ice\", \"crystal meth\") and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants: clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK.","volume":"43","author":"F Schifano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann 1st Super Sanita"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1126\/science.249.4969.631","article-title":"Ice: a new dosage form of an old drug","volume":"249","author":"AK Cho","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref003","volume-title":"National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01847.x","article-title":"Crystal methamphetamine use among young adults in the USA.","volume":"102","author":"BJ Iritani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1665.2006.02252.x","article-title":"Drug-induced psychosis associated with crystalline methamphetamine.","volume":"14","author":"G Dore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Australasian Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00143.x","article-title":"Methamphetamine in Japan: the consequences of methamphetamine abuse as a function of route of administration.","volume":"97","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801919486","article-title":"Characteristicsand harms associated with injecting versus smoking methamphetamine among methamphetamine treatment entrants","volume":"27","author":"R McKetin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01417.x","article-title":"Comparison of crystalline methamphetamine (ice) users and other patients with toxicology-related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department.","volume":"187","author":"PJ Bunting","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801919452","article-title":"Crystal methamphetamine smoking among regular ecstasy users in Australia: increased in use and associations with harm","volume":"27","author":"SA Kinner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0175-9","article-title":"\"Just not all ice users do that\": investigating perceptions and potential harms of Australia's Ice Destroys Lives campaign in two studies.","volume":"14","author":"CH Douglass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref011","first-page":"859","article-title":"In vivo evidence for post-adolescent brain maturation in frontal and striatal brain regions","volume":"2","author":"ER Sowell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195314373.001.0001","volume-title":"Coming of Age: The Neurobiology and Psychobiology of Puberty and Adolescence","author":"CL Sisk","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02932.x","article-title":"Health outcomes associated with methamphetamine use among young people: a systematic review.","volume":"105","author":"BDL Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01481.x","article-title":"Correlates of methamphetamine use for Taiwanese adolescents.","volume":"60","author":"C Yen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490436055","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users","volume":"13","author":"JE Zweben","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Addictions"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801923702","article-title":"Major physical and psychological harms of methamphetamine use","volume":"27","author":"S Darke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.11.019","article-title":"Behavioral and social correlates of methamphetamine use in a population-based sample of early and later adolescents.","volume":"34","author":"D Embry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref018","article-title":"Communities stand against ice scourge.","author":"M Deighton","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Advertiser."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref019","article-title":"Cop's mission to freeze ice.","author":"E Partridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Daily Telegraph."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref020","article-title":"The scourge of meth on small town WA.","author":"T Barrass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perthnowcomau"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239400185371","article-title":"Route of administration and adverse effects of amphetamine use among young adults in Sydney, Australia.","volume":"13","author":"W Hall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.019","article-title":"Methamphetamine use and violence among young adults","volume":"34","author":"A Baskin-Sommers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.136648","article-title":"Correlates of incarceration among young methamphetamine users in Chiang Mai, Thailand.","volume":"99","author":"N Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042613491098","article-title":"Methamphetamine use and violent behavior: user perceptions and predictions","volume":"43","author":"M Brecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref025","volume-title":"The relationship between methamphetamine use and violent behaviour. Crime and Justice Bulletin.","author":"R McKetin","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref026","volume-title":"Alcohol, drugs and crime: a study of juveniles in detention.","author":"J Prichard","year":"2005"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref027","volume-title":"Detection and prevalence of substance use among juvenile detainees.","author":"GM McClelland","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.10.003","article-title":"Complex health needs in the youth justice system: a survey of community-based and custodial offenders","volume":"54","author":"SA Kinner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1097","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention.","volume":"60","author":"LA Teplin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref030","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: A systematic reveiw and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys.","volume":"47","author":"S Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e511002006-001","volume-title":"Psychiatric disorders of youth in detention.","author":"LA Teplin","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12280","article-title":"Associations between psychotic symptoms and substancce use in young offenders","volume":"34","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref033","unstructured":"Secretary of the Department of Health and Community Services v JWB and SMB. 1992. p. 218."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref034","article-title":"Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL)","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref035","unstructured":"Department of Health. Recording diagnoses in the CMI\/ODS Victoria: Victoria State Government,; 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/mental-health\/research-and-reporting\/reporting-requirements-for-clinical-mental-health-services\/recording-diagnoses."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref036","volume-title":"Manual for the structured assessment of violence risk in youth","author":"R Borum","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","volume-title":"World report on violence and health","author":"EG Krug","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref038","article-title":"Sparse data bias: a problem hiding in plain sight","volume":"352","author":"S Greenland","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies.","author":"FE Harrell","year":"2015","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref040","volume-title":"Youth detention population in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.638","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in psychological distress in a cohort of people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia.","volume":"168","author":"N Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12426","article-title":"Crystalline methamphetamine use and methamphetamine-related harms in Australia.","volume":"36","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/3090175","article-title":"Neighbourhood disadvantage, stress, and drug use among adults","volume":"42","author":"JD Boardman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0229389.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.012","article-title":"The association of self-reported neighborhood disorganization and social capital with adolescent alcohol and drug use, dependence, and access to treatment.","volume":"92","author":"EL Winstanley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.489","article-title":"Parent, family, and neighbourhood effects on the development of child substance use and other psychopathology from preschool to the start of adulthood","volume":"70","author":"A Buu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-9-35","article-title":"Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among U.S. high school seniors.","volume":"9","author":"DT Duncan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy."},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref047","volume-title":"Neighbourhood effects on youth delinquency and drug use","author":"S McVie","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0475-5","article-title":"Parents, peers, perceived risk of harm, and the neighbourhood: contextualizing key influences on adolescent substance use","volume":"46","author":"GM Zimmerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1097","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention.","volume":"60","author":"KM Abram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0229389.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809354961","article-title":"The contribution of psychiatric disorder to juvenile recidivism.","volume":"37","author":"LS McReynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0229389.ref051","article-title":"The relation between mental health problems and future violence among detained male juveniles.","volume":"13","author":"OF Colins","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0229389.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.06.006","article-title":"Influence of mental health and substance use problems and criminogenic risk on outcomes in serious juvenile offenders.","volume":"50","author":"CA Schubert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T20:29:55Z","timestamp":1616012995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229389"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gurudutt","family":"Pendyala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229389","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}}}