{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:58:01Z","timestamp":1792555081424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T17:24:35Z","timestamp":1585589075000},"page":"e0230725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cholera deaths in Soho, London, 1854: Risk Terrain Modeling for epidemiological investigations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-3240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine H.","family":"Neudecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0230725.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt194","article-title":"Commentary: Nobody loves a critic: Edmund A Parkes and John Snow\u2019s cholera","volume":"42","author":"T Koch","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0230725.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.07.046","article-title":"Crediting his critics' concerns: Remaking John Snow's map of Broad Street cholera, 1854","volume":"69","author":"T Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social science & medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0230725.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.09.010","article-title":"Snow's case revisited: new tool in geographic profiling of epidemiology","volume":"21","author":"A Papini","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0230725.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-015-0011-y","article-title":"The mortality rates and the space-time patterns of John Snow\u2019s cholera epidemic map","volume":"14","author":"N Shiode","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of health geographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0230725.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2011.02.001","article-title":"A case study in explanatory power: John Snow\u2019s conclusions about the pathology and transmission of cholera","volume":"42","author":"D Tulodziecki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0230725.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2010.486037","article-title":"Risk terrain modeling: Brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting","volume":"28","author":"JM Caplan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Justice quarterly"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520958807","volume-title":"Risk terrain modeling: Crime prediction and risk reduction","author":"JM Caplan","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using vulnerability and exposure to improve robbery prediction and target area selection","author":"JM Caplan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0230725.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-018-9404-3","article-title":"Forecasting crime and understanding its causes. Applying risk terrain modeling worldwide","volume":"24","author":"LW Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0230725.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-018-9449-3","article-title":"Enhancing data-driven law enforcement efforts: exploring how risk terrain modeling and conjunctive analysis fit in a crime and traffic safety framework","volume":"44","author":"G Drawve","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0230725.ref011","first-page":"9","article-title":"Kansas City\u2019s violent crime initiative: a place-based evaluation of location-specific intervention activities during a fixed time period. Crime Mapping","volume":"4","author":"JM Caplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"A Journal of Research and Practice"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fams.2018.00013","article-title":"Predicting dynamical crime distribution from environmental and social influences","volume":"4","author":"S Garnier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0230725.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098016664299","article-title":"Place-based correlates of motor vehicle theft and recovery: Measuring spatial influence across neighbourhood context","volume":"54","author":"E Piza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0230725.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2012.754921","article-title":"\u201cA plague on both your houses?\u201d: Risks, repeats and reconsiderations of urban residential burglary","volume":"31","author":"WD Moreto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Justice Quarterly"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0230725.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128716649735","article-title":"Examining the environmental characteristics of drug dealing locations","volume":"63","author":"JD Barnum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0230725.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128718779359","article-title":"Utilizing a risk of crime measure for recidivism research: Moving environmental corrections forward","volume":"65","author":"G Drawve","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0230725.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885516635776","article-title":"Assessing the effects of local crime hotspots on parole recidivism","volume":"96","author":"J Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0230725.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09546553.2016.1215309","article-title":"An analysis of spatial correlates of terrorism using risk terrain modeling","volume":"31","author":"I Onat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Terrorism and Political Violence"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk Factors for Violent Dissident Republican Incidents in Belfast: A Comparison of Bombings and Bomb Hoaxes","author":"Z Marchment","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.09.014","article-title":"Risk terrain modeling predicts child maltreatment","volume":"62","author":"D Daley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0230725.ref021","first-page":"21","article-title":"Understanding Domestic Violence Using Risk Terrain Modeling: Does Place Matter?","volume":"XXXVIIII","author":"K. Lersch","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACJS Today"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref022","unstructured":"Droser, C. & Fargason, P. Shelter saver: an eviction prediction app. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Rs\u2014QUnv-rw&feature=youtu.be. Accessed 15 May 2019. 2016 Dec 21."},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2019.102039","article-title":"Using risk terrain modeling to predict homeless related crime in Los Angeles, California","volume":"109","author":"Y Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Geography"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0230725.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-018-9398-x","article-title":"Risk terrain modeling for road safety: Identifying crash-related environmental factors in the province of C\u00e1diz, Spain","volume":"24","author":"A Gim\u00e9nez-Santana","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0230725.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832","article-title":"Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries","volume":"9","author":"M Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref026","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cholera. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cholera. 2019 Jan 17."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0230725.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.11.013","article-title":"The incubation period of cholera: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"AS Azman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv65sxwc","volume-title":"Risk-based policing: Evidence-based crime prevention with big data and spatial analytics","author":"LW Kennedy","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0230725.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8292(01)00043-0","article-title":"Identifying environmental risk factors for endemic cholera: a raster GIS approach","volume":"8","author":"M Ali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health & place"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0230725.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.640","article-title":"Cholera outbreak in Kenyan refugee camp: risk factors for illness and importance of sanitation","volume":"80","author":"A Shultz","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0230725.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0707.017741","article-title":"Cholera outbreak in southern Tanzania: risk factors and patterns of transmission","volume":"7","author":"CJ Acosta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref032","unstructured":"Global Task Force on Cholera Control. Ending cholera: a global roadmap to 2030. http:\/\/www.who.int\/cholera\/publications\/global-roadmap.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 15 May 2019. 2017."},{"issue":"suppl_3","key":"pone.0230725.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy486","article-title":"Global cholera epidemiology: Opportunities to reduce the burden of cholera by 2030","volume":"218","author":"D Legros","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref034","unstructured":"Wilson, R. John Snow\u2019s famous cholera analysis data in modern GIS formats. Retrieved from http:\/\/blog.rtwilson.com\/john-snows-famous-cholera-analysis-data-in-modern-gis-formats\/. 2012."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0230725.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128712461901","article-title":"Joint utility of event-dependent and environmental crime analysis techniques for violent crime forecasting","volume":"59","author":"JM Caplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crime & Delinquency"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref036","volume-title":"Space, time, and crime","author":"TC Hart","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref037","volume-title":"On the Mode of Communication of Cholera","author":"C.F. Cheffins","year":"1855"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref038","volume-title":"Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics (RTMDx) Version 1.5. Newark","author":"J. M. Caplan","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0230725.ref039","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Water Decade 1981\u20131990","author":"I Guest","year":"1979","journal-title":"World Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0230725.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304","article-title":"A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply","volume":"331","author":"WR Mac Kenzie","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0230725.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2005.09.009","article-title":"Asthma and air pollution in the Bronx: methodological and data considerations in using GIS for environmental justice and health research","volume":"13","author":"J Maantay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health & place"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0230725","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T16:53:09Z","timestamp":1615049589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0230725"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Forgoston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0230725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]}}}