{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:33:21Z","timestamp":1793705601834,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HS023011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HS023011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AR060710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AR060710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001582","name":"Dermatology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T13:29:02Z","timestamp":1588080542000},"page":"e0231329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Inpatient morbidity and mortality of measles in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-399X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raj","family":"Chovatiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0231329.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350040064008","article-title":"Hepatitis and jaundice associated with measles in young adults. An analysis of 65 cases","volume":"143","author":"D Gavish","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref002","first-page":"151","article-title":"Etiology of diarrhea in measles","volume":"72","author":"W Varavithya","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90306-A","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of measles in hospitalized adults","volume":"95","author":"RD Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American journal of medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112916","article-title":"Risk factors in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case-control study","volume":"111","author":"NA Halsey","year":"1980","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91946-6","article-title":"Further epidemiological studies of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis","volume":"2","author":"R Detels","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref006","first-page":"427","article-title":"Para-infectious encephalomyelitis and related syndromes; a critical review of the neurological complications of certain specific fevers","volume":"25","author":"JL Gibbons","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Quarterly journal of medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.2.232","article-title":"Acute measles encephalitis in children with immunosuppression","volume":"59","author":"J Aicardi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref008","first-page":"75","article-title":"Frequency of complications of measles, 1963. Report on a national inquiry by the public health laboratory service in collaboration with the society of medical officers of health","volume":"2","author":"DL Miller","year":"1964","journal-title":"British medical journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199310000-00008","article-title":"Clinical presentations and complications of suspected measles in hospitalized children","volume":"12","author":"MK Makhene","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70072-2","article-title":"Measles pneumonitis","volume":"26","author":"PL Henneman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of emergency medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199301000-00011","article-title":"Epidemic measles in the postvaccine era: evaluation of epidemiology, clinical presentation and complications during an urban outbreak","volume":"12","author":"WH Mason","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1996.11747843","article-title":"Clinical problems in measles case management","volume":"16","author":"GD Hussey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of tropical paediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"pone.0231329.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S555","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_6.S555","article-title":"The burden of acute respiratory infection due to measles in developing countries and the potential impact of measles vaccine","volume":"13","author":"LE Markowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reviews of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158318","article-title":"Xerophthalmia, keratomalacia and nutritional blindness","volume":"14","author":"A Sommer","year":"1990","journal-title":"International ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref015","first-page":"619","article-title":"Childhood blindness from corneal ulceration in Africa: causes, prevention, and treatment","volume":"64","author":"A Foster","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.5.331","article-title":"Corneal ulceration, measles, and childhood blindness in Tanzania","volume":"71","author":"A Foster","year":"1987","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(56)80116-9","article-title":"Thrombocytopenic purpura in measles","volume":"48","author":"JB Hudson","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10101-0","article-title":"Acute renal failure with neurological involvement in adults associated with measles virus isolation","volume":"354","author":"NS Wairagkar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref019","first-page":"213","article-title":"Measles epidemic in Harare, Zimbabwe, despite high measles immunization coverage rates","volume":"69","author":"RA Kambarami","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.08.001","article-title":"Measles 50 Years After Use of Measles Vaccine","volume":"29","author":"JL Goodson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infectious disease clinics of North America"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref021","first-page":"373","article-title":"Measles\u2014United States, January 4-April 2, 2015","volume":"64","author":"NS Clemmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62352-5","article-title":"Measles","volume":"379","author":"WJ Moss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342","article-title":"Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience","volume":"168","author":"MJ Papania","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref024","first-page":"S43","article-title":"Summary and conclusions: measles elimination meeting, 16\u201317 March 2000","volume":"189","author":"SL Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref025","first-page":"p1905099","article-title":"Measles in 2019\u2014Going Backward","author":"CI Paules","year":"2019","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine: NEJM"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.7.866","article-title":"Measles hospitalizations, United States, 1977\u201384: comparison with national surveillance data","volume":"77","author":"LE Markowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"American journal of public health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref027","first-page":"S210","article-title":"Measles hospitalizations, United States, 1985\u20132002","volume":"189","author":"B Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref028","first-page":"S131","article-title":"An economic analysis of the current universal 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination program in the United States","volume":"189","author":"F Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002221","article-title":"Measles Hospitalizations at a United States Children's Hospital 2011\u20132017","volume":"38","author":"G Hester","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9984","article-title":"Incidence of Measles in the United States, 2001\u20132015","volume":"318","author":"NS Clemmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref032","first-page":"40","article-title":"A Comparison of Postelimination Measles Epidemiology in the United States, 2009\u20132014 Versus 2001\u20132008","volume":"6","author":"AP Fiebelkorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.7.1011","article-title":"Reporting efficiency during a measles outbreak in New York City, 1991","volume":"83","author":"SF Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"American journal of public health"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200212000-00012","article-title":"Hospitalizations during a measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999 to 2000","volume":"21","author":"S Van Den Hof","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060775","article-title":"Implications of a 2005 measles outbreak in Indiana for sustained elimination of measles in the United States","volume":"355","author":"AA Parker","year":"2006","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1353","article-title":"Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis","volume":"315","author":"VK Phadke","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref037","first-page":"S4","article-title":"The clinical significance of measles: a review","volume":"189","author":"RT Perry","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1176","article-title":"Measles severity and serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration among children in the United States","volume":"91","author":"JC Butler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231329.ref039","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Acute measles mortality in the United States, 1987\u20132002","volume":"189","author":"J Gindler","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref040","first-page":"7","article-title":"Reduction of racial\/ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage, 1995\u20132011","volume":"63","author":"(CDC) CfDCaP","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR supplements"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref041","unstructured":"Organization WH (2007) Addressing sex and gender in epidemic-prone infectious diseases."},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112170","article-title":"Measles mortality: a retrospective look at the vaccine era","volume":"102","author":"RM Barkin","year":"1975","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000682","article-title":"Cost of measles containment in an ambulatory pediatric clinic","volume":"34","author":"KA Wendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1071\/HI10008","article-title":"The costs of containing measles within a health care service","volume":"15","author":"RL Stuart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Healthcare infection"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2512","article-title":"The cost of containing one case of measles: the economic impact on the public health infrastructure\u2014Iowa, 2004","volume":"116","author":"GH Dayan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6646a3","article-title":"Public Health Economic Burden Associated with Two Single Measles Case Investigations\u2014Colorado, 2016\u20132017","volume":"66","author":"GE Marx","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.10.012","article-title":"The economic burden of sixteen measles outbreaks on United States public health departments in 2011","volume":"32","author":"IR Ortega-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.029","article-title":"The economic cost of measles: Healthcare, public health and societal costs of the 2012\u201313 outbreak in Merseyside, UK","volume":"34","author":"S Ghebrehewet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0231329.ref049","first-page":"6","article-title":"The effectiveness of ICD-10-CM in capturing public health diseases","volume":"4","author":"VJM Watzlaf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perspectives in health information management"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T17:40:19Z","timestamp":1722793219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231329"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ka Chun","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231329","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]}}}