{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:03Z","timestamp":1787022063042,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004320","name":"Philips","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T14:18:11Z","timestamp":1589552291000},"page":"e0231528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Epidemiological characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in a hospital-based historical cohort in Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Coussa-Koniski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine K.","family":"Welty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9918","key":"pone.0231528.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60734-5","article-title":"Adult obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"383","author":"AS Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001599","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long historical cohort study","volume":"11","author":"T Kendzerska","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12427","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and the incidence and mortality of cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"XB Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.08.008","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia and cancer: Undesirable bed partners?","volume":"256","author":"I Almendros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiratory physiology & neurobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0231528.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6004","article-title":"Sleep Apnea and Cancer: Analysis of a Nationwide Population Sample","volume":"39","author":"D Gozal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0231528.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0577PP","article-title":"Cancer and Sleep Apnea: Cutaneous Melanoma as a Case Study","volume":"200","author":"MA Martinez-Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100886","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea severity and subsequent risk for cancer incidence","volume":"15","author":"A Sillah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Preventive medicine reports"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0231528.ref008","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"KA Franklin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of thoracic disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0231528.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study","volume":"3","author":"R Heinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201708-1614PP","article-title":"The Last 25 Years of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Epidemiology-and the Next 25?","volume":"197","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2018","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0231528.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200709-155MG","article-title":"The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"NM Punjabi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","article-title":"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"CV Senaratna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep medicine reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0231528.ref014","first-page":"597","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine","volume":"8","author":"RB Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0231528.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.499","article-title":"Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005","volume":"28","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0231528.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00587.2005","article-title":"Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"99","author":"T Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md: 1985)"},{"issue":"9945","key":"pone.0231528.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"M Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref018","article-title":"Obesity and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Middle East and UAE","volume":"2016","author":"MG Vats","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian respiratory journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0231528.ref019","first-page":"1572","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms and risk of sleep apnea in middle-aged Saudi women in primary care","volume":"30","author":"AS Bahammam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi medical journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref020","first-page":"423","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms and risk of sleep apnea in middle-aged Saudi males in primary care","volume":"29","author":"AS BaHammam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi medical journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0240-4","article-title":"Symptoms and risk of obstructive sleep apnea in primary care patients in Jordan","volume":"13","author":"B Khassawneh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref022","first-page":"109","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms and risk of sleep apnea in Dubai, UAE","volume":"6","author":"B Mahboub","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of general medicine"},{"key":"pone.0231528.ref023","unstructured":"Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson AL, Quan SF, for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. Westchester, USA: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2007."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0231528.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10053","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in nocturia: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"21","author":"P van Kerrebroeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourology and urodynamics"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0231528.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.16.2013","article-title":"Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"291","author":"T Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0231528.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(98)90011-9","article-title":"Sleep in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women","volume":"2","author":"AD Krystal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep medicine reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0231528.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325664","article-title":"Gender-related differences in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"66","author":"A Valipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref029","first-page":"61","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of nocturia in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"IA Hajduk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00400.x","article-title":"Does frequency of nocturnal urination reflect the severity of sleep-disordered breathing?","volume":"13","author":"H Kaynak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of sleep research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0231528.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02956.x","article-title":"Correlates for nocturia: a review of epidemiological studies","volume":"19","author":"K Yoshimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2006.08.001","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnea in older adults","volume":"11","author":"TE Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep medicine reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.1.139","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, nocturia and polyuria in older adults","volume":"27","author":"MG Umlauf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2012.12.004","article-title":"Nocturia in arterial hypertension: a prevalent, underreported, and sometimes underestimated association","volume":"7","author":"CA Feldstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Hypertension: JASH"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0481-5","article-title":"Epworth Sleepiness Scale may be an indicator for blood pressure profile and prevalence of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"J Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0231528.ref036","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and hypertension: does self-reported sleepiness modify the association?","volume":"31","author":"VK Kapur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0231528.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06941","article-title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Objective Daytime Sleepiness Is Associated With Hypertension","volume":"68","author":"R Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0231528.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12754","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, overlap syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome","volume":"12","author":"D Lacedonia","year":"2018","journal-title":"The clinical respiratory journal"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0231528.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3418","article-title":"Association between treated and untreated obstructive sleep apnea and risk of hypertension","volume":"307","author":"JM Marin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1319-y","article-title":"Effect of CPAP therapy on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"J Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0231528.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.297","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness in the obese: not as simple as obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"JB Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md)"},{"issue":"1010","key":"pone.0231528.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.105577","article-title":"Systemic inflammation: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome?","volume":"85","author":"S Ryan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgraduate medical journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.3.312","article-title":"Gender-related differences in symptoms of patients with suspected breathing disorders in sleep: a clinical population study using the sleep disorders questionnaire","volume":"30","author":"A Valipour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1482-9","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical and polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea: a clinical study of 2827 patients","volume":"22","author":"OK Basoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref045","first-page":"309","article-title":"Differences between men and women in the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"28","author":"MR Shepertycky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.305","article-title":"Associations between gender and measures of daytime somnolence in the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"27","author":"CM Baldwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0231528.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440200055007","article-title":"The gender bias in sleep apnea diagnosis. Are women missed because they have different symptoms?","volume":"156","author":"T Young","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0231528.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1173","article-title":"Gender differences in morbidity and health care utilization among adult obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"30","author":"S Greenberg-Dotan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0231528.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/13814789609162146","article-title":"Comorbidity or multimorbidity: what\u2019s in a name? A review of literature","volume":"2","author":"M Van Den Akker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0231528.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12011","article-title":"Comorbidities and survival in obstructive sleep apnoea beyond the age of 50","volume":"43","author":"O Marrone","year":"2013","journal-title":"European journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0231528.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.069","article-title":"Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences","volume":"69","author":"S Javaheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231528.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12984","article-title":"OSA and cardiometabolic risk: What's the bottom line?","volume":"22","author":"CM Hoyos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic)"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T14:18:43Z","timestamp":1589552323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231528"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shahrad","family":"Taheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231528","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]}}}