{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:29:10Z","timestamp":1789072150078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 NS072026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 NS072026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG19610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG19610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T13:28:47Z","timestamp":1587562127000},"page":"e0231720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Severe hyposmia distinguishes neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-6128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Beach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9527-2011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geidy E.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia I.","family":"Sue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Driver-Dunckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayamal H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard E.","family":"Zamrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan N.","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly A.","family":"Shill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Belden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Shprecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Caselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Reiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy E.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Intorcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Callan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javon C.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Gerkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0231720.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.157","article-title":"Ecology of the aging human brain","volume":"68","author":"JA Sonnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.017","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathologic change, Lewy body disease, and vascular brain injury in clinic- and community-based samples","volume":"53","author":"WD Brenowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000282","article-title":"Temporal course of neurodegenerative effects on cognition in old age","volume":"30","author":"RS Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.011","article-title":"Alzheimer Disease: Scientific Breakthroughs and Translational Challenges","volume":"92","author":"RJ Caselli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002480","article-title":"Neuropathologic comorbidity and cognitive impairment in the Nun and Honolulu-Asia Aging Studies","volume":"86","author":"LR White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001831","article-title":"Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old: The 90+ Study","volume":"85","author":"CH Kawas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21208","article-title":"Pathological correlates of dementia in a longitudinal, population-based sample of aging","volume":"62","author":"JA Sonnen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref008","article-title":"Challenges of multimorbidity of the aging brain: a critical update","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref009","article-title":"Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program","author":"TG Beach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6","article-title":"Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies","volume":"66","author":"DA Bennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795745302","article-title":"Cognition and neuropathology in aging: multidimensional perspectives from the Rush Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory And Aging Project","volume":"8","author":"S Negash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24","article-title":"Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons","volume":"69","author":"JA Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000028","article-title":"Neuropathologic heterogeneity does not impair florbetapir-positron emission tomography postmortem correlates","volume":"73","author":"BN Dugger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140162","article-title":"Positive florbetapir PET amyloid imaging in a subject with frequent cortical neuritic plaques and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP43-positive inclusions","volume":"42","author":"GE Serrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595082","article-title":"Microinfarct pathology, dementia, and cognitive systems","volume":"42","author":"Z Arvanitakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23964","article-title":"Much of late life cognitive decline is not due to common neurodegenerative pathologies","volume":"74","author":"PA Boyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0531-3","article-title":"TDP-43 pathology in anterior temporal pole cortex in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"S Nag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00244.x","article-title":"Modeling the association between 43 different clinical and pathological variables and the severity of cognitive impairment in a large autopsy cohort of elderly persons","volume":"20","author":"PT Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12505","article-title":"Overlapping but distinct TDP-43 and tau pathologic patterns in aged hippocampi","volume":"28","author":"VD Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30284-3","article-title":"Rates of hippocampal atrophy and presence of post-mortem TDP-43 in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"KA Josephs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1269-z","article-title":"TDP-43 is a key player in the clinical features associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"127","author":"KA Josephs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0231720.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217566","article-title":"Faster cognitive decline in dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease with clinically undiagnosed Lewy body disease","volume":"14","author":"M Malek-Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-9302","article-title":"Lewy body pathology in late-onset familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a clinicopathological case series","volume":"9","author":"DW Tsuang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","article-title":"Alzheimer disease with amygdala Lewy bodies: a distinct form of alpha-synucleinopathy","volume":"65","author":"H Uchikado","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2000.tb00269.x","article-title":"Lewy bodies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry","volume":"10","author":"RL Hamilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref026","first-page":"141","article-title":"Limbic neuropathology in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease with concomitant dementia","volume":"42","author":"E Bertrand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0705-2","article-title":"Lewy body densities in the entorhinal and anterior cingulate cortex predict cognitive deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"E Kovari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s004019900168","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive cortical Lewy bodies are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"100","author":"PM Mattila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1916","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein cortical Lewy bodies correlate with dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"HI Hurtig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s004019900168","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive cortical Lewy bodies are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"100","author":"PM Mattila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158422.41380.82","article-title":"Cognitive status correlates with neuropathologic stage in Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"H Braak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000197890","article-title":"Significance of brain lesions in Parkinson disease dementia and Lewy body dementia","volume":"24","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c7da8e","article-title":"In vivo amyloid imaging in autopsy-confirmed Parkinson disease with dementia","volume":"74","author":"MA Burack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23659","article-title":"Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia","volume":"72","author":"DJ Irwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e31819c5ef4","article-title":"Parkinson disease with dementia: comparing patients with and without Alzheimer pathology","volume":"23","author":"MN Sabbagh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr031","article-title":"Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: which is more important?","volume":"134","author":"Y Compta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21956","article-title":"The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years","volume":"23","author":"MA Hely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12290","article-title":"Amyloid-Beta Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Alzheimer\u2019s Pathology in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Dementia","volume":"3","author":"RS Akhtar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000205145.54457.ea","article-title":"Biochemical staging of synucleinopathy and amyloid deposition in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"65","author":"V Deramecourt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4926","article-title":"Duration and Pathologic Correlates of Lewy Body Disease","volume":"74","author":"J Graff-Radford","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200210000-00001","article-title":"Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank","volume":"16","author":"WW Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12189","article-title":"Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program","volume":"35","author":"TG Beach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium","volume":"65","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium","volume":"89","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988716656083","article-title":"Revisiting DLB Diagnosis: A Consideration of Prodromal DLB and of the Diagnostic Overlap With Alzheimer Disease","volume":"29","author":"I McKeith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref046","first-page":"844","article-title":"Dementia: Where are the Lewy bodies?","volume":"169","author":"T Lebouvier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5324-y","article-title":"Low sensitivity in clinical diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"257","author":"PT Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.2.351","article-title":"Cognitive decline is faster in Lewy body variant than in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"JM Olichney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161109","article-title":"Long-Term Cognitive Decline in Dementia with Lewy Bodies in a Large Multicenter, International Cohort","volume":"57","author":"MG Kramberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.015","article-title":"Mixed neuropathologies and estimated rates of clinical progression in a large autopsy sample","volume":"13","author":"WD Brenowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000165987.89198.65","article-title":"Cognitive differences in dementia patients with autopsy-verified AD, Lewy body pathology, or both","volume":"64","author":"ML Kraybill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.09.014","article-title":"The limbic and neocortical contribution of alpha-synuclein, tau, and amyloid beta to disease duration in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"14","author":"TJ Ferman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0231720.ref053","first-page":"47","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in three neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"46","author":"RL Doty","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.962","article-title":"Olfactory testing differentiates between progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"RL Doty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb06998.x","article-title":"Olfactory function in atypical parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"91","author":"GK Wenning","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130332","article-title":"Olfactory function in restless legs syndrome","volume":"13","author":"CH Adler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31815a351a","article-title":"Sniffing out Parkinson disease: can olfactory testing differentiate parkinsonian disorders?","volume":"13","author":"JH McKinnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.12.006","article-title":"Olfactory tests in the diagnosis of essential tremor","volume":"14","author":"M Shah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.02.047","article-title":"The effect of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease on olfaction: a meta-analysis","volume":"231","author":"S Rahayel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302770","article-title":"Olfactory impairment in familial ataxias","volume":"83","author":"M Moscovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.10.025","article-title":"123I-MIBG cardiac uptake, smell identification and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT in the differential diagnosis between vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"J Navarro-Otano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7830-4","article-title":"The diagnostic value of dopamine transporter imaging and olfactory testing in patients with parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"262","author":"C Georgiopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.11.010","article-title":"Sniffing the diagnosis: Olfactory testing in neurodegenerative parkinsonism","volume":"35","author":"F Krismer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000137531.76491.c2","article-title":"Olfaction and Parkinson\u2019s syndromes: its role in differential diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"R Katzenschlager","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5631-3","article-title":"The status of olfactory function and the striatal dopaminergic system in drug-induced parkinsonism","volume":"257","author":"T Bovi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000230","article-title":"Distinguishing Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies using cognitive and olfactory measures","volume":"30","author":"HJ Westervelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.155895","article-title":"Olfactory impairment is more marked in patients with mild dementia with Lewy bodies than those with mild Alzheimer disease","volume":"80","author":"SS Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00146965-200306000-00002","article-title":"Odor identification deficits in diffuse lewy body disease","volume":"16","author":"HJ Westervelt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.06.013","article-title":"Olfactory function and neuropsychological profile to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer\u2019s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A 5-year follow-up study","volume":"355","author":"JH Yoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.05.010","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease- and Lewy body-related cognitive impairment","volume":"14","author":"HS Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.6.739","article-title":"Anosmia in dementia is associated with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer\u2019s pathology","volume":"70","author":"RH McShane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.4.479","article-title":"The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"SS Mirra","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.032003","article-title":"Anosmia is very common in the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"JM Olichney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjq139","article-title":"Lewy bodies and olfactory dysfunction in old age","volume":"36","author":"RS Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0313-7","article-title":"Reduced striatal tyrosine hydroxylase in incidental Lewy body disease","volume":"115","author":"TG Beach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.8.1074","article-title":"Incidental Lewy body disease and preclinical Parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"A Delledonne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0345-7","article-title":"Evidence that incidental Lewy body disease is pre-symptomatic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"DW Dickson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002102","article-title":"Parkinson disease and incidental Lewy body disease: Just a question of time?","volume":"85","author":"D Iacono","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref079","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"E Driver-Dunckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21076","article-title":"Association of olfactory dysfunction with incidental Lewy bodies","volume":"21","author":"GW Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227041c","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers","volume":"77","author":"R Saunders-Pullman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2950","article-title":"Evolution of prodromal clinical markers of Parkinson disease in a GBA mutation-positive cohort","volume":"72","author":"M Beavan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.02.009","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of olfactory function in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"19","author":"A Iranzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.09.013","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"11","author":"T Miyamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.07.008","article-title":"Olfactory deficit in idiopathic rapid eye movements sleep behavior disorder","volume":"70","author":"ML Fantini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz030","article-title":"Risk and predictors of dementia and parkinsonism in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multicentre study","volume":"142","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.08.037","article-title":"Olfactory loss and nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in the elderly","volume":"484","author":"KK Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5147-7","article-title":"Correlation between the availability of dopamine transporter and olfactory function in healthy subjects","volume":"28","author":"K Pak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1261-7","article-title":"Olfactory bulb involvement in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"127","author":"J Attems","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0450-7","article-title":"Olfactory bulb alpha-synucleinopathy has high specificity and sensitivity for Lewy body disorders","volume":"117","author":"TG Beach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0538-8","article-title":"Unified staging system for Lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction","volume":"117","author":"TG Beach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00748.x","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein pathology in the olfactory pathways of dementia patients","volume":"211","author":"PS Hubbard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12189","article-title":"Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program","volume":"35","author":"TG Beach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref094","first-page":"S1","article-title":"The National Institute on Aging, and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.08.006","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"E Driver-Dunckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.2.266","article-title":"Olfactory function in Parkinson\u2019s disease subtypes","volume":"44","author":"MB Stern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.447","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease from a detailed olfactory phenotype","volume":"4","author":"RC Gerkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref098","article-title":"Predicting alpha-synuclein pathology by REM sleep behavior disorder diagnosis","author":"DR Shprecher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.03.007","article-title":"Probable RBD is increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease but not in essential tremor or restless legs syndrome","volume":"17","author":"CH Adler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.015","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlations in 172 cases of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with or without a coexisting neurologic disorder","volume":"14","author":"BF Boeve","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2670","article-title":"Validation of the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire to screen for REM sleep behavior disorder in a community-based sample","volume":"9","author":"BF Boeve","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.009","article-title":"Human amygdala activations during nasal chemoreception","volume":"78","author":"A Patin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.001","article-title":"(123)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy in alpha-synucleinopathies","volume":"30","author":"S Orimo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24481","article-title":"Post-Mortem evaluation of amyloid-dopamine terminal positron emission tomography dementia classifications","volume":"78","author":"RL Albin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-14-79","article-title":"PET imaging of amyloid with Florbetapir F 18 and PET imaging of dopamine degeneration with 18F-AV-133 (florbenazine) in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Lewy body disorders","volume":"14","author":"A Siderowf","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref107","first-page":"CD010633","article-title":"Dopamine transporter imaging for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"1","author":"J McCleery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.110122","article-title":"Dementia with Lewy bodies: a comparison of clinical diagnosis, FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography imaging and autopsy","volume":"78","author":"Z Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000306697.48738.b6","article-title":"Patterns and stages of alpha-synucleinopathy: Relevance in a population-based cohort","volume":"70","author":"J Zaccai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws211","article-title":"Neuropathological correlates of dopaminergic imaging in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Lewy body dementias","volume":"135","author":"SJ Colloby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25975","article-title":"Correlation of striatal dopamine transporter imaging with post mortem substantia nigra cell counts","volume":"29","author":"J Kraemmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.4.329","article-title":"Substantia nigra Marinesco bodies are associated with decreased striatal expression of dopaminergic markers","volume":"63","author":"TG Beach","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27110","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"P Eusebi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2217\/BMM.14.105","article-title":"The utility of alpha-synuclein as biofluid marker in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"AH Simonsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160620111408","article-title":"Non-Amyloid PET Imaging Biomarkers for Neurodegeneration: Focus on Tau, Alpha-Synuclein and Neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"AM Catafau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000235","article-title":"Feasibility Study: Comparison of Frontal Cortex Needle Core Versus Open Biopsy for Detection of Characteristic Proteinopathies of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"74","author":"GE Serrano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0880-5","article-title":"Simulated brain biopsy for diagnosing neurodegeneration using autopsy-confirmed cases","volume":"122","author":"S Venneti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-53","article-title":"Simulated surgical-type cerebral biopsies from post-mortem brains allows accurate neuropathological diagnoses in the majority of neurodegenerative disease groups","volume":"1","author":"A King","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000191","article-title":"Correlations between mini-mental state examination score, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and pathology observed in brain biopsies of patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"74","author":"A Elobeid","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref120","article-title":"The Search for a Peripheral Biopsy Indicator of alpha-Synuclein Pathology for Parkinson Disease","author":"JM Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000204","article-title":"Submandibular gland needle biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease","volume":"82","author":"CH Adler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26476","article-title":"Peripheral synucleinopathy in early Parkinson\u2019s eisease: submandibular gland needle biopsy findings","volume":"31","author":"CH Adler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182805c72","article-title":"Submandibular gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease","volume":"72","author":"TG Beach","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231720.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150680","article-title":"Prevalence of submandibular gland synucleinopathy in Parkinson\u2019s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and other Lewy body disorders","volume":"6","author":"TG Beach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T13:29:16Z","timestamp":1587562156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231720"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231720","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/743856","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]}}}