{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:56:12Z","timestamp":1790888172941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T20:29:50Z","timestamp":1587500990000},"page":"e0231860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influence of back support shape in wheelchairs offering pelvic support on asymmetrical sitting posture and pressure points during reaching tasks in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Atsuki","family":"Ukita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Kishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0231860.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2017.00234","article-title":"Stroke Epidemiology in South, East, and South-East Asia: A Review","volume":"19","author":"N Venketasubramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0177","article-title":"Incidence, Management and Short-Term Outcome of Stroke in a General Population of 1.4 Million Japanese\u2014Shiga Stroke Registry","volume":"81","author":"N Takashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.581363","article-title":"Lifetime risk of stroke in Japan","volume":"41","author":"TC Turin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100004534","article-title":"A rehabilitation program for patients recovering from severe stroke","volume":"32","author":"RW Teasell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.11.025","article-title":"Rates and predictors of manual and powered wheelchair use for persons with stroke: a retrospective study in a Canadian rehabilitation center","volume":"91","author":"AD Mountain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2010.11.012","article-title":"The provision of wheelchairs for older people in the United Kingdom","volume":"2","author":"G Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.011","article-title":"Biomechanical assessment of the sitting posture maintenance in patients with stroke","volume":"22","author":"N Genthon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280210142220","article-title":"The nature of the effects of stroke on trunk flexor and extensor muscles during work and at rest","volume":"24","author":"U Winzeler-Mer\u00e7ay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.3.317","article-title":"Ultrasonographic measurement of transverse abdominis in stroke patients","volume":"38","author":"HD Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.03.004","article-title":"Posturographic assessment of sitting balance recovery in the subacute phase of stroke","volume":"28","author":"IJ van Nes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5308-1","article-title":"Disturbances of spatial reference frame and postural asymmetry after a chronic stroke","volume":"236","author":"K Jamal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1285746","article-title":"A systematic review of mechanisms of gait speed change post-stroke. Part 1: spatiotemporal parameters and asymmetry ratios","volume":"24","author":"EC Wonsetler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref014","first-page":"886","article-title":"Recovery of standing balance in postacute stroke patients: a rehabilitation cohort study","volume":"85","author":"M de Haart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.04.007","article-title":"Determinants of sit-to-stand tasks in individuals with hemiparesis post stroke: A review","volume":"58","author":"A Boukadida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.01.007","article-title":"The effect of foot position and chair height on the asymmetry of vertical forces during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in individuals with hemiparesis","volume":"21","author":"G Roy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.01.035","article-title":"Asymmetries in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in chronic stroke survivors with spastic hypertonia: evidence for a vestibulospinal role","volume":"125","author":"DM Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.23.837","article-title":"Assistive cushions for symmetric wheelchair sitting by stroke patients","volume":"23","author":"IH Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"sitting down in stroke patients. Auditory feedback and dynamic strength training to enhance symmetrical body weight distribution","volume":"31","author":"Engardt M. Rising","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0155","article-title":"Interactions between foot placement, trunk frontal position, weight-bearing and knee moment asymmetry at seat-off during rising from a chair in healthy controls and persons with hemiparesis","volume":"40","author":"J Lecours","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1358-3","article-title":"Comparing the effects of different dynamic sitting strategies in wheelchair seating on lumbar-pelvic angle","volume":"17","author":"CT Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113644","article-title":"The effects of backward adjustable thoracic support in wheelchair on spinal curvature and back muscle activation for elderly people","volume":"9","author":"CT Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0008-6","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of a novel wheelchair backrest for elderly people","volume":"14","author":"CT Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-017-0398-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of different sitting assistive devices in reclining wheelchair on interface pressure","volume":"16","author":"CT Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1260\/2040-2295.6.2.179","article-title":"Backrest Shape Affects Head-Neck Alignment and Seated Pressure","volume":"6","author":"A Ukita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/BRCP.1000149","article-title":"Does the backrest shape of the wheelchair influence the asymmetric posture of patients with hemiparesis? A single institution pilot study","volume":"2","author":"A Ukita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Clin Prac"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.11.1697","article-title":"Head and trunk movement responses in healthy children to induced versus self-induced lateral tilt","volume":"67","author":"D Milette","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.02.002","article-title":"Video analysis of sagittal spinal posture in healthy young and older adults","volume":"32","author":"YL Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE12838","article-title":"Cervical spine alignment, sagittal deformity, and clinical implications: a review","volume":"19","author":"JK Scheer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2013.05.017","article-title":"Reliability of sagittal pelvic position assessments in standing, sitting and during hip flexion using palpation meter","volume":"18","author":"DC Azevedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314521011","article-title":"Trunk restraint to promote upper extremity recovery in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"SK Wee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140487","article-title":"Effect of Trunk Support on Upper Extremity Function in People With Chronic Stroke and People Who Are Healthy","volume":"95","author":"SK Wee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305355","article-title":"Bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing in chronic stroke: not always efficacious","volume":"22","author":"LG Richards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0231860.ref034","first-page":"CD010820","article-title":"Interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke","volume":"2014","author":"A Pollock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref035","volume-title":"Movement Therapy in Hemiplegia: A Neurophysiological Approach","author":"S. Brunnstrom","year":"1970"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr733oa","article-title":"The Trunk Impairment Scale: a new tool to measure motor impairment of the trunk after stroke","volume":"18","author":"G Verheyden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.017","article-title":"Test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Chedoke arm and hand activity inventory: a new measure of upper-limb function for survivors of stroke","volume":"86","author":"SR Barreca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr832oa","article-title":"Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study","volume":"19","author":"T Platz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0231860.ref039","first-page":"325","article-title":"Evaluation of the new flexible contour backrest for wheelchairs","volume":"37","author":"F Parent","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(08)70046-1","article-title":"Sitting spinal posture in adolescents differs between genders, but is not clearly related to neck\/shoulder pain: an observational study","volume":"54","author":"LM Straker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-3-18","article-title":"Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis of a daily activity drinking from a glass: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"M Alt Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.012","article-title":"Video analysis software increases the interrater reliability of video gait assessments in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"33","author":"S Borel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-5-21","article-title":"Effects of neck pain on reaching overhead and reading: a case-control study of long and short neck flexion","volume":"5","author":"MK Constand","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-113","article-title":"Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: a reliability and validity study","volume":"9","author":"SM van Niekerk","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-2007-15303","article-title":"How do normals move during prolonged wheelchair-sitting?","volume":"15","author":"E Linder-Ganz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.1185","article-title":"A Comparison of the Average Sitting Pressures and Symmetry Indexes between Air-adjustable and Foam Cushions","volume":"25","author":"WJ Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2013.765517","article-title":"Evaluation of the Force Sensing Application pressure mapping system","volume":"37","author":"ZR Dey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500052872","article-title":"Discriminant ability of the Trunk Impairment Scale: A comparison between stroke patients and healthy individuals","volume":"27","author":"G Verheyden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr955oa","article-title":"Trunk performance after stroke and the relationship with balance, gait and functional ability","volume":"20","author":"G Verheyden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.03.004","article-title":"Trunk biomechanics during hemiplegic gait after stroke: A systematic review","volume":"54","author":"T Van Criekinge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00172","article-title":"Perception of Verticality and Vestibular Disorders of Balance and Falls","volume":"10","author":"M Dieterich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.10.131","article-title":"Measuring verticality perception after stroke: why and how?","volume":"44","author":"D P\u00e9rennou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0964-6","article-title":"Postural adjustments and reaching in 4- and 6-month-old infants: an EMG and kinematical study","volume":"181","author":"VB de Graaf-Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.1547","article-title":"Comparison of Reaching Velocity, Upper Trunk Movement, and Center of Force Movement between a Dominant and Nondominant Hand Reaching Task","volume":"26","author":"WG Yoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref055","first-page":"583","article-title":"Relationship between ease of swallowing and deglutition-related muscle activity in various postures","volume":"37","author":"T Sakuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100902978426","article-title":"The effect of shaped wheelchair cushion and lumbar supports on under-seat pressure, comfort, and pelvic rotation","volume":"4","author":"K Samuelsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364613486918","article-title":"The effect of seat shape on the risk of pressure ulcers using discomfort and interface pressure measurements","volume":"38","author":"LH Tasker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(99)80045-7","article-title":"Sitting posture and prevention of pressure ulcers","volume":"12","author":"T Defloor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref059","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Quick Reference Guide","author":"Emily Haesler","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04232.x","article-title":"Pressure ulcer risk in long-term units: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"58","author":"A Capon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011001200008","article-title":"Abnormal sensory integration affects balance control in hemiparetic patients within the first year after stroke","volume":"66","author":"CB Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"pone.0231860.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.09.019","article-title":"Sensory reweighting in controls and stroke patients","volume":"124","author":"IV Bonan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T20:30:10Z","timestamp":1587501010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231860"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Stuart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}}}