{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:02Z","timestamp":1787022062536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Present study aimed at investigating the magnitude of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among four\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>paratyphi<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>paratyphi<\/jats:italic>\n                    B and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Raw milk and environment samples were collected from the five districts of southern part of the province of Punjab in Pakistan i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic>Multan<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bahawalpur<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Lodhran<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Dera Ghazi Khan<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Muzaffargarh<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Extent of antibiotic resistance was also determined and classified as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. District\u2013wise prevalence data on\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in milk and environmental samples indicated higher\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>paratyphi<\/jats:italic>\n                    B\n                    <jats:italic>and S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    count in\n                    <jats:italic>Bahawalpur<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Khan<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Muzaffargarh<\/jats:italic>\n                    districts, respectively. Amongst 13 tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin were found to be the most susceptible against\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Increased emergence of antibacterial resistance was noted with respect to the type of antibiotics among\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolates. The study suggests serious interventions to be practiced by the farmers and raw milk vendors in animal husbandry and milk marketing, respectively to curb the burden of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. prevalence in milk. Further, active engagement of animal health division and enforcement agencies to ensure sagacious use of antibiotics at farm level may also help in containment of antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T13:57:15Z","timestamp":1605794235000},"page":"e0232382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South 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