{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:13:45Z","timestamp":1785791625169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T21:13:20Z","timestamp":1589922800000},"page":"e0233314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7816-5209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Basha","family":"Chekesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balako","family":"Gumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahlet","family":"Chanyalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboma","family":"Zewude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobena","family":"Ameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0233314.ref001","unstructured":"WHO | The End TB Strategy. In: WHO [Internet]. [cited 26 Dec 2019]. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/strategy\/end-tb\/en\/"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref002","unstructured":"WHO | Global tuberculosis report 2019. In: WHO [Internet]. World Health Organization; [cited 19 Apr 2020]. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref003","unstructured":"gtbr2017_main_text.pdf. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/gtbr2017_main_text.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34614","article-title":"Confronting the scientific obstacles to global control of tuberculosis","volume":"118","author":"DB Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref005","first-page":"e10","article-title":"Updates on the risk factors for latent tuberculosis reactivation and their managements","volume":"5","author":"J-W Ai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","article-title":"The Global Burden of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Re-estimation Using Mathematical Modelling","volume":"13","author":"RMGJ Houben","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt246","article-title":"Estimated rate of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States, overall and by population subgroup","volume":"179","author":"KM Shea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref008","unstructured":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of programmatic screening strategies for latent tuberculosis infection in the EU\/EEA. In: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Internet]. 23 Mar 2018 [cited 26 Dec 2019]. Available: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/cost-effectiveness-analysis-programmatic-screening-strategies-latent-tuberculosis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref009","unstructured":"Overview | Tuberculosis | Guidance | NICE. [cited 26 Dec 2019]. Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng33"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0472","article-title":"Addressing institutional amplifiers in the dynamics and control of tuberculosis epidemics","volume":"84","author":"S Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0447","article-title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy in correctional facilities: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"H a. A Al-Darraji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000381","article-title":"Tuberculosis Incidence in Prisons: A Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"I Baussano","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7232.440","article-title":"Tuberculosis in prisons in countries with high prevalence","volume":"320","author":"R Coninx","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0363","article-title":"Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors in Eastern Ethiopian prisons","volume":"15","author":"D Abebe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref015","author":"Z Zerdo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors in Prisons of Gamo Goffa Zone, South Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0720-9","article-title":"Logistics management information system performance for program drugs in public health facilities of East Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"K Tiye","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref017","unstructured":"Population Proportion\u2014Sample Size. In: Select Statistical Consultants [Internet]. [cited 2 Feb 2020]. Available: https:\/\/select-statistics.co.uk\/calculators\/sample-size-calculator-population-proportion\/"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref018","unstructured":"224486444.pdf. Available: http:\/\/docshare02.docshare.tips\/files\/22448\/224486444.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref019","unstructured":"English_QFT_ELISA_R04_082016.pdf. Available: http:\/\/www.quantiferon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/English_QFT_ELISA_R04_082016.pdf"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"pone.0233314.ref020","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prisons as social determinants of hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis infections","volume":"125","author":"N. Awofeso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Rep Wash DC 1974"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4548-x","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors among people living with HIV and apparently healthy blood donors at the University of Gondar referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"M Tilahun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5149-7","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"T Teklu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345818763868","article-title":"IGRA-Based Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Persons Newly Incarcerated in New York City Jails","volume":"24","author":"M Katyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Correct Health Care Off J Natl Comm Correct Health Care"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i247","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv096.452","article-title":"Latent TB Infection and Blood Borne Viruses in a London Prison: A Cross Sectional Survey","volume":"44","author":"R Aldridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref025","article-title":"Investigating the prevalence of latent Tuberculosis infection in a UK remand prison","author":"BJ Gray","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1071\/NB07051","article-title":"Prevalence of Mantoux positivity and annual risk of infection for tuberculosis in New South Wales prisoners, 1996 and 2001","volume":"18","author":"MH Levy","year":"2007","journal-title":"New South Wales Public Health Bull"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00098104","article-title":"Correlates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a prison population","volume":"25","author":"S Carbonara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0816","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assays piloted as a latent tuberculous infection screening tool in Canadian federal inmates","volume":"18","author":"IS Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0007","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in inmates recently incarcerated in a men\u2019s prison in Barcelona","volume":"16","author":"A Marco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0159","article-title":"Prevalence of positive tuberculosis skin tests during 5 years of screening in a Swiss remand prison","volume":"16","author":"C Ritter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37562016000000001","article-title":"Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners","volume":"42","author":"PD de Navarro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref032","first-page":"327","article-title":"Incidence and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated infection among Aba Federal prison inmates in Nigeria","volume":"28","author":"LN Chigbu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref033","first-page":"4","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection in a Spanish prison","volume":"20","author":"ME L\u00f3pez de Goicoechea-Saiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Espanola Sanid Penit"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref034","first-page":"63","article-title":"Prevalence of active and latent TB among inmates in a prison hospital in Bahia, Brazil","volume":"35","author":"ACM Lemos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref035","first-page":"203","article-title":"Tuberculosis in county jail prisoners in the western sector of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"10","author":"R Abrah\u00e3o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102011005000080","article-title":"Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis in prison inmates","volume":"46","author":"PA Nogueira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0209895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209895","article-title":"Active and latent tuberculosis among inmates in La Esperanza prison in Guaduas, Colombia","volume":"14","author":"J Guerra","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0193","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis symptoms and latent tuberculous infection among prisoners in northeastern Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"B Margolis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-22","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection in a Malaysian prison: implications for a comprehensive integrated control program in prisons","volume":"14","author":"HAA Al-Darraji","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000700012","article-title":"Tuberculosis in a southern Brazilian prison","volume":"107","author":"D Kuhleis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref041","first-page":"41","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in intravenous drug users on admission to prison","volume":"4","author":"V Mart\u00edn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg247","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan","volume":"32","author":"H Hussain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6180.1000397","article-title":"Trends of Tuberculosis in Somaliland\u2019s Young Children after the Conflict and the Role Khat Marfishes Play Its Transmission","volume":"09","author":"M. Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biom Biostat"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140245","article-title":"Correlation between Resistin, Tuberculosis and Khat Addiction: A Study from South Western Province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"A Alvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.02.026","article-title":"Does khat chewing increases the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by macrophage immune modulation?","volume":"82","author":"A Alvi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.05.005","article-title":"Inflammation in tuberculosis: interactions, imbalances and interventions","volume":"25","author":"SH Kaufmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-016-0030-9","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis and associated risk factors in the Central Prison of Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"44","author":"GM Kalonji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0179","article-title":"High prevalence and risk factors associated with latent tuberculous infection in two Colombian prisons","volume":"18","author":"ZV Rueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0233314.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010759","article-title":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Dhaka Central Jail, the Largest Prison in Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"S Banu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0233314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T21:13:36Z","timestamp":1589922816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0233314"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hasnain Seyed","family":"Ehtesham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0233314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}}}