{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:49:57Z","timestamp":1790675397393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T13:34:59Z","timestamp":1591277699000},"page":"e0234176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Evaluation of the preclinical analgesic efficacy of naturally derived, orally administered oil forms of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their 1:1 combination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-0212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katja","family":"Linher-Melville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Fang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalka","family":"Parzei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gireesh","family":"Seesankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Zacal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-5908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vikas","family":"Parihar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Zacharias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurmit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072496","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and injured nerve: peripheral mechanisms","volume":"47","author":"M Devor","year":"1991","journal-title":"British medical bulletin"},{"issue":"177","key":"pone.0234176.ref002","first-page":"3","article-title":"Peripheral and central mechanisms of pain generation","author":"HG Schaible","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handbook of experimental pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref003","first-page":"91","article-title":"Progesterone prevents development of neuropathic pain in a rat model: Timing and duration of treatment are critical.","volume":"4","author":"LJ Dableh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of pain research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234176.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370900300203","article-title":"Post Surgical Pain- The Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain.","volume":"3","author":"MJ Neil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reviews in pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234176.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000265161.39932.e8","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic pain after hysterectomy: a nationwide questionnaire and database study","volume":"106","author":"B Brandsborg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00271.x","article-title":"Chronic pain following Caesarean section","volume":"48","author":"L Nikolajsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01763-7.x","article-title":"Postoperative pain relief using thoracic epidural analgesia: outstanding success and disappointing failures","volume":"56","author":"G McLeod","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.04.001","article-title":"Hypernociceptive role of cytokines and chemokines: targets for analgesic drug development?","volume":"112","author":"WA Verri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacology & therapeutics."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00396-1","article-title":"Hyperalgesia due to nerve injury: role of neutrophils","volume":"101","author":"NM Perkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"46","key":"pone.0234176.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14415","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4569-09.2009","article-title":"T-cell infiltration and signaling in the adult dorsal spinal cord is a major contributor to neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity.","volume":"29","author":"M Costigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234176.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.10.013","article-title":"Immune cell involvement in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord after chronic constriction or transection of the rat sciatic nerve.","volume":"21","author":"P Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain, behavior, and immunity."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref012","first-page":"330","article-title":"[Detection of peripheral blood Th1\/Th2 cell ratio in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome].","volume":"12","author":"HH Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000169669.70523.f0","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators are altered in the acute phase of posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"22","author":"C Schinkel","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Clinical journal of pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234176.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.03.014","article-title":"T cell infiltration after chronic constriction injury of mouse sciatic nerve is associated with interleukin-17 expression","volume":"200","author":"C Kleinschnitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0234176.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00472-3","article-title":"Effects of tramadol on T lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity in rats with sciatic constriction injury","volume":"92","author":"YC Tsai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.035","article-title":"T lymphocytes play a role in neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury in rats","volume":"129","author":"G Moalem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0234176.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23841","article-title":"Sex Differences in Pain","volume":"95","author":"RE Sorge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience research"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26892","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26892","article-title":"Differential effects of Cytomegalovirus carriage on the immune phenotype of middle-aged males and females.","volume":"6","author":"M van der Heiden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific reports."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4053","article-title":"Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice","volume":"18","author":"RE Sorge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1148","article-title":"Current evidence of cannabinoid-based analgesia obtained in preclinical and human experimental settings","volume":"22","author":"J Lotsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"European journal of pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234176.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002110","article-title":"Selective Cannabinoids for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"125","author":"H Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesia and analgesia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0234176.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00228-2","article-title":"Regulation of the cAMP cascade, gene expression and immune function by cannabinoid receptors","volume":"83","author":"NE Kaminski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0234176.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.019","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors and T helper cells","volume":"147","author":"TW Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.051961","article-title":"Evidence for cannabinoid receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms of action in leukocytes","volume":"306","author":"BL Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0234176.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.06.022","article-title":"The profile of immune modulation by cannabidiol (CBD) involves deregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT).","volume":"76","author":"BL Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemical pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2018.0073","article-title":"Immune Responses Regulated by Cannabidiol.","volume":"5","author":"JM Nichols","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234176.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes","volume":"163","author":"L De Petrocellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0234176.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3009","article-title":"The ion channel TRPV1 regulates the activation and proinflammatory properties of CD4(+) T cells.","volume":"15","author":"S Bertin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0234176.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)02624-9","article-title":"(-)-Cannabidiol antagonizes cannabinoid receptor agonists and noradrenaline in the mouse vas deferens.","volume":"456","author":"RG Pertwee","year":"2002","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-6978-1","article-title":"Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors","volume":"30","author":"EB Russo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochemical research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2174\/157015906778019527","article-title":"Role of the cannabinoid system in pain control and therapeutic implications for the management of acute and chronic pain episodes","volume":"4","author":"J Manzanares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(74)90129-0","article-title":"Cannabidiol interferes with the effects of delta 9\u2014tetrahydrocannabinol in man","volume":"28","author":"IG Karniol","year":"1974","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb27933.x","article-title":"Clinical studies on the interaction of psychopharmacologic agents with marihuana","volume":"281","author":"L Lemberger","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976193300","article-title":"Influence of cannabidiol on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects","volume":"19","author":"WS Dalton","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0234176.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.028","article-title":"Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","volume":"133","author":"TJ Nurmikko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.11.008","article-title":"Routes of administration for cannabis use\u2014basic prevalence and related health outcomes: A scoping review and synthesis.","volume":"52","author":"C Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"The International journal on drug policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234176.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x","article-title":"Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects","volume":"163","author":"EB Russo","year":"2011","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234176.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13345","article-title":"Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science.","volume":"58","author":"EP Baron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00077-1","article-title":"Fixed-diameter polyethylene cuffs applied to the rat sciatic nerve induce a painful neuropathy: ultrastructural morphometric analysis of axonal alterations","volume":"64","author":"T Mosconi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-15","article-title":"Excitability of Abeta sensory neurons is altered in an animal model of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"YF Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref041","first-page":"175","article-title":"Changes in functional properties of A-type but not C-type sensory neurons in vivo in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"5","author":"YF Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of pain research"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234176.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01984.x","article-title":"Second phase of formalin-induced excitation of spinal dorsal horn neurons in spinalized rats is reversed by sciatic nerve block","volume":"15","author":"GM Pitcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"The European journal of neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref043","first-page":"37","article-title":"Changes in Abeta non-nociceptive primary sensory neurons in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain","volume":"6","author":"Q Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90144-9","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw","volume":"53","author":"SR Chaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.20.040180.002301","article-title":"Efficient analysis of experimental observations","volume":"20","author":"WJ Dixon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref046","article-title":"An evaluation of the anti-hyperalgesic effects of cannabidiolic acid-methyl ester (CBDA-ME) in a preclinical model of peripheral neuropathic pain.","author":"YF Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref047","first-page":"1744806918810099","article-title":"Cancer pain and neuropathic pain are associated with A beta sensory neuronal plasticity in dorsal root ganglia and abnormal sprouting in lumbar spinal cord","volume":"14","author":"YF Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000603","article-title":"Rat model of cancer-induced bone pain: changes in nonnociceptive sensory neurons in vivo.","volume":"2","author":"YF Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain reports"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref049","first-page":"1744806920911536","article-title":"Bone cancer-induced pain is associated with glutamate signalling in peripheral sensory neurons","volume":"16","author":"YF Zhu","journal-title":"Molecular pain. 2020"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"pone.0234176.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.857ba.x","article-title":"Association of somatic action potential shape with sensory receptive properties in guinea-pig dorsal root ganglion neurones","volume":"513","author":"L Djouhri","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"pone.0234176.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.00177.x","article-title":"Relationship of substance P to afferent characteristics of dorsal root ganglion neurones in guinea-pig","volume":"505","author":"SN Lawson","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0234176.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040367","article-title":"Women and autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"D Fairweather","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref054","first-page":"003","article-title":"Phenotypic Identification of Spinal Cord-Infiltrating CD4(+) T Lymphocytes in a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain.","volume":"3","author":"K Draleau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of pain & relief"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0234176.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.11.006","article-title":"The non-psychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an orally effective therapeutic agent in rat chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain","volume":"556","author":"B Costa","year":"2007","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0234176.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.03.051","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain","volume":"491","author":"J De Vry","year":"2004","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/24740527.2020.1724776","article-title":"Response to Pregabalin and Progesterone Differs in Male and Female Rat Models of Neuropathic and Cancer Pain.","volume":"4","author":"Ungard R. G. ZYF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Pain."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0234176.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.03.043","article-title":"Effect of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716, on nociceptive response and nerve demyelination in rodents with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve","volume":"116","author":"B Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101","article-title":"Myelination of the nervous system: mechanisms and functions","volume":"30","author":"KA Nave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11638-3","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte precursor cells present antigen and are cytotoxic targets in inflammatory demyelination","volume":"10","author":"L Kirby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0106-4","article-title":"B-1a lymphocytes promote oligodendrogenesis during brain development","volume":"21","author":"S Tanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0715-6","article-title":"Early activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by myelin basic protein in subjects with MS","volume":"13","author":"B Arneth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of translational medicine"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain.","volume":"3","author":"L Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature reviews Disease primers"},{"issue":"4028","key":"pone.0234176.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4028.1382","article-title":"Proprioceptive illusions induced by muscle vibration: contribution by muscle spindles to perception?","volume":"175","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234176.ref065","first-page":"177","article-title":"Kinaesthetic role of muscle afferents in man, studied by tendon vibration and microneurography","volume":"47","author":"JP Roll","year":"1982","journal-title":"Experimental brain research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","article-title":"Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system","volume":"487","author":"BB Edin","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016522","article-title":"The role of joint receptors in human kinaesthesia when intramuscular receptors cannot contribute","volume":"386","author":"WR Ferrell","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref068","first-page":"683","article-title":"Female advantage for object location memory in peripersonal but not extrapersonal space. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":"13","author":"D Saucier","year":"2007","journal-title":"JINS"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0234176.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.38.6.431-137","article-title":"Gender-specific movement strategies using a computer-pointing task","volume":"38","author":"LE Rohr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of motor behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/13576500802469607","article-title":"Manual asymmetry in a complex coincidence-anticipation task: handedness and gender effects.","volume":"14","author":"PC Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0731-y","article-title":"Sex differences in the shoulder joint position sense acuity: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"16","author":"AK Vafadar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC musculoskeletal disorders."},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.012","article-title":"Disturbances of postural sway components in cannabis users","volume":"190","author":"AR Bolbecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234176.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116665357","article-title":"Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on balance and gait in patients with dementia: A randomised controlled crossover trial","volume":"31","author":"GA van den Elsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234176.ref074","first-page":"280","article-title":"Thymus Size and Age-related Thymic Involution: Early Programming, Sexual Dimorphism, Progenitors and Stroma.","volume":"3","author":"J Gui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging and disease."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234176.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.02.004","article-title":"Suppressive effects of androgens on the immune system","volume":"294","author":"A Trigunaite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cellular immunology"},{"issue":"27","key":"pone.0234176.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402468111","article-title":"Androgens alter T-cell immunity by inhibiting T-helper 1 differentiation","volume":"111","author":"HT Kissick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1aa1","article-title":"Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"L Parkitny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22026","article-title":"Reduced levels of antiinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic widespread pain","volume":"54","author":"N Uceyler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis and rheumatism"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2541-0","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with sciatica: a systematic review.","volume":"20","author":"MJ Jungen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC musculoskeletal disorders."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.10052","article-title":"Production of intracellular IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma by T cells in B-CLL.","volume":"56","author":"A Gallego","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytometry Part B, Clinical cytometry."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234176.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.004","article-title":"The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation","volume":"28","author":"W Ouyang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5457","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5457","article-title":"Nonoverlapping expression of IL10, IL12p40, and IFNgamma mRNA in the marginal zone and T cell zone of the spleen after antigenic stimulation","volume":"180","author":"K Kalies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234176.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2637","article-title":"Dysregulation of germinal centres in autoimmune disease","volume":"9","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343811","article-title":"Activated CD4+ T cells enter the splenic T-cell zone and induce autoantibody-producing germinal centers through bystander activation","volume":"44","author":"D Banczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.11.006","article-title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) induces functional Tregs in response to low-level T cell activation.","volume":"312","author":"S Dhital","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellular immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234176.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0212082","article-title":"Magnitude of stimulation dictates the cannabinoid-mediated differential T cell response to HIVgp120","volume":"92","author":"W Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of leukocyte biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234176.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.5.841","article-title":"Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the differential regulation of interleukin-2 by cannabinol","volume":"69","author":"TR Jan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of leukocyte biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0603-x","article-title":"Pathways and gene networks mediating the regulatory effects of cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, in autoimmune T cells.","volume":"13","author":"E Kozela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neuroinflammation."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234176.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.01.004","article-title":"Interleukin-2 at the crossroads of effector responses, tolerance, and immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"W Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928461","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/928461","article-title":"Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Human IBD.","volume":"2014","author":"J Galvez","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN inflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref091","article-title":"Sex-Based Selectivity of PPARgamma Regulation in Th1, Th2, and Th17 Differentiation","volume":"17","author":"HJ Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234176.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270837","article-title":"The fate of activated T cells migrating through the body: rescue from apoptosis in the tissue of origin","volume":"27","author":"U Bode","year":"1997","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234176.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7292","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.12.7292","article-title":"Anatomical heterogeneity of memory CD4+ T cells due to reversible adaptation to the microenvironment","volume":"173","author":"G Kassiotis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"35","key":"pone.0234176.ref094","first-page":"12533","article-title":"Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is dependent on the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF: implications for neuropathic pain. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the","volume":"31","author":"S Nadeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0234176.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70064","article-title":"Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin antimicrobial barrier function","volume":"123","author":"AS MacLeod","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234176.ref096","first-page":"794","article-title":"Immune cell distribution and immunoglobulin levels change following sciatic nerve injury in a rat model","volume":"19","author":"W Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian journal of basic medical sciences"},{"key":"pone.0234176.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.10.027","article-title":"The antidiabetic drug metformin prevents and reverses neuropathic pain and spinal cord microglial activation in male but not female mice","volume":"139","author":"KE Inyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacological research"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T14:21:35Z","timestamp":1666794095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234176"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bradley","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234176","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]}}}