{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:25:15Z","timestamp":1793755515994,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"St. Vincent's Health Australia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004430","name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004430","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T17:48:57Z","timestamp":1591292937000},"page":"e0234196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Echocardiographic screening to determine progression of latent rheumatic heart disease in endemic areas: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-6142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Gutman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-2991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elad","family":"Shemesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9065-0899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Marwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8920-7670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234196.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990\u20132015","volume":"377","author":"DA Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234196.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12215","article-title":"Screening for rheumatic heart disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children","volume":"49","author":"MG Remond","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234196.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1705840","article-title":"Rheumatic Heart Disease\u2014An Iceberg in Tropical Waters","volume":"377","author":"E Marijon","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234196.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065085","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening","volume":"357","author":"E Marijon","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234196.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","article-title":"World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease\u2014an evidence-based guideline","volume":"9","author":"B Remenyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref006","unstructured":"Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, 29 October\u20131 November 2001. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234196.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70310-9","article-title":"Active surveillance for rheumatic heart disease in endemic regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence among children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"M Rothenbuhler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref008","author":"A Bowen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The 2020 Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (3rd edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234196.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.157","article-title":"Screening for rheumatic heart disease: current approaches and controversies","volume":"10","author":"K Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0234196.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300792","article-title":"Prevalence and outcome of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in India: The RHEUMATIC (Rheumatic Heart Echo Utilisation and Monitoring Actuarial Trends in Indian Children) study","volume":"97","author":"A Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.234","article-title":"Outcomes of borderline rheumatic heart disease: A prospective cohort study","volume":"228","author":"G Bertaina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref012","article-title":"Two-year evolution of latent rheumatic heart disease in Malawi","author":"A Sanyahumbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234196.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01487.x","article-title":"Two years of follow-up validates the echocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis and screening of rheumatic heart disease in asymptomatic populations","volume":"28","author":"M Bhaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.07.005","article-title":"Are minor echocardiographic changes associated with an increased risk of acute rheumatic fever or progression to rheumatic heart disease?","volume":"198","author":"M Remond","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010847","article-title":"Screening-detected rheumatic heart disease can progress to severe disease","volume":"8","author":"D Engelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0225-3","article-title":"The natural history of latent rheumatic heart disease in a 5 year follow-up study: a prospective observational study","volume":"16","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234196.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0925-3","article-title":"Latent rheumatic heart disease: outcomes 2 years after echocardiographic detection","volume":"35","author":"A Beaton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0234196.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029936","article-title":"Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease: Identifying the Children at Highest Risk of Unfavorable Outcome","volume":"136","author":"A Beaton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234196.ref019","first-page":"281","article-title":"[Principles and practice of mass screening for disease]","volume":"65","author":"JM Wilson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234196.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53540-4","article-title":"Prevalence and progression of rheumatic heart disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based echocardiographic studies","volume":"9","author":"JJ Noubiap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234196.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.364","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in children and young adults in Nicaragua","volume":"105","author":"JA Paar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000702","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000702","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease","volume":"4","author":"S Kotit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234196.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014","article-title":"Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement","volume":"65","author":"D Hoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800102","article-title":"metan: fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"RJ BM Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"issue":"7414","key":"pone.0234196.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref027","author":"S Gutman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Echocardiographic screening for sub-clinical rheumatic heart disease in endemic areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234196.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234196.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.07.001","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria in rheumatic heart disease","volume":"10","author":"R Beniwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0234196.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003495","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in high and low risk Australian children","volume":"129","author":"K Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-111","article-title":"Rheumatic Fever Follow-Up Study (RhFFUS) protocol: a cohort study investigating the significance of minor echocardiographic abnormalities in Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander children","volume":"12","author":"MG Remond","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.007","article-title":"Echocardiography screening to detect rheumatic heart disease: A cohort study of schoolchildren in French Pacific Islands","volume":"188","author":"M Mirabel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0234196.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307444","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in 4720 asymptomatic scholars from South Africa and Ethiopia","volume":"101","author":"ME Engel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxr005","article-title":"Reconsidering the criteria for evaluating proposed screening programs: reflections from 4 current and former members of the U.S. Preventive services task force","volume":"33","author":"R Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.025","article-title":"The benefits and harms of rheumatic heart disease screening from the perspective of the screened population","volume":"221","author":"J Gurney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234196.ref036","first-page":"206","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease-some answers, but questions remain","volume":"4","author":"MG Remond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.046680","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease","volume":"86","author":"E Marijon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010857","article-title":"Measuring and reporting disease progression in subclinical rheumatic heart disease","volume":"8","author":"G Karthikeyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234196.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.45.3.543","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of rheumatic fever patients receiving regular intramuscular benzathine penicillin","volume":"45","author":"DG Tompkins","year":"1972","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234196.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-012-0343-1","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for subclinical rheumatic heart disease remains a research tool pending studies of impact on prognosis","volume":"15","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Cardiology Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234196.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12737","article-title":"Aboriginal children and penicillin injections for rheumatic fever: how much of a problem is injection pain?","volume":"42","author":"AG Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234196.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0344-x","article-title":"Sharing success\u2014understanding barriers and enablers to secondary prophylaxis delivery for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"16","author":"J Chamberlain-Salaun","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12400","article-title":"Reducing the pain of intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections in the rheumatic fever population of Counties Manukau District Health Board","volume":"50","author":"K Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0234196.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024769","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes in 3343 Children and Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease From 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY Study)","volume":"134","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.04.004","article-title":"Clinical outcomes for young people with screening-detected and clinically-diagnosed rheumatic heart disease in Fiji","volume":"240","author":"D Engelman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234196.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.004","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening in a resource poor setting: borderline rheumatic heart disease could be a normal variant","volume":"173","author":"SM Colquhoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234196.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-012-0343-1","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for subclinical rheumatic heart disease remains a research tool pending studies of impact on prognosis","volume":"15","author":"L Zuhlke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.06.001","article-title":"Determining the impact of Benzathine penicillin G prophylaxis in children with latent rheumatic heart disease (GOAL trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"215","author":"A Beaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.058","article-title":"The World Heart Federation criteria raise the threshold of diagnosis for mild rheumatic heart disease: Three reviewers are better than one","volume":"291","author":"N Culliford-Semmens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0234196.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.908743","article-title":"Statistical problems in epidemiologic studies of the natural history of disease","volume":"87","author":"R Brookmeyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1591292977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234196"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Katzenellenbogen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234196","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]}}}