{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:46:24Z","timestamp":1789587984821,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010658","name":"St. Paul's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Addiction Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MSH - 141971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSH - 141971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010658","name":"St. Paul's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of British Columbia Steven Diamond Professorship in Addiction Care Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["701698"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["701698"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012358","name":"Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - Greater Manchester","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["671 397968, 422332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["671 397968, 422332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T18:07:01Z","timestamp":1592503621000},"page":"e0234809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Treatment of stimulant use disorder: A systematic review of reviews"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Ronsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-7190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seonaid","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jano","family":"Klimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Walley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4195-3284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadia","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12123.x","article-title":"Health and social harms associated with crystal methamphetamine use among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting","volume":"23","author":"S Uhlmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.005","article-title":"Methamphetamine injecting is associated with phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C virus infection among street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"152","author":"EB Cunningham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.08.021","article-title":"Factors associated with hepatitis C viremia in a large cohort of HIV-infected and -uninfected women","volume":"41","author":"EA Operskalski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02872.x","article-title":"Comparative rates of violent crime among regular methamphetamine and opioid users: offending and victimization","volume":"105","author":"S Darke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0234809.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X14541661","article-title":"Stimulants and Cannabis Use Among a Marginalized Population in British Columbia, Canada: Role of Trauma and Incarceration","volume":"59","author":"S Saddichha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref006","unstructured":"World Drug Report 2019 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.19.XI.8). 2019. Available at: https:\/\/wdr.unodc.org\/wdr2019\/prelaunch\/WDR19_Booklet_1_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref007","article-title":"Rates, characteristics and circumstances of methamphetamine-related death in Australia: a national 7-year study","author":"S Darke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref008","unstructured":"NIDA. (2011, March 1). Treatment Statistics. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/treatment-statistics on 2017, July 21."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234809.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x","article-title":"Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews","volume":"105","author":"N Palmateer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref012","article-title":"Methodological problems in constructing the evidence base in public health","volume":"9","author":"M Kelly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Development Agency Public Health Evidence Steering Group Methodology Reference Group Starter Paper"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-15","article-title":"Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions","volume":"11","author":"V Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref014","author":"S Ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV prevention: A review of reviews assessing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the risk of sexual transmission: Evidence briefing"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002715","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002715","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for individuals with cocaine and amphetamine addiction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"F De Crescenzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.823","article-title":"Meta-analysis of day treatment and contingency-management dismantling research: Birmingham Homeless Cocaine Studies (1990\u20132006)","volume":"75","author":"JE Schumacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234809.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2013.824328","article-title":"A systematic review comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management for cocaine dependence","volume":"32","author":"NS Farronato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234809.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801919494","article-title":"A systematic review of cognitive and behavioural therapies for methamphetamine dependence","volume":"27","author":"NK Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711205040006","article-title":"Efficacy of contingency management for cocaine dependence treatment: a review of the evidence","volume":"5","author":"A Schierenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.006","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of the community reinforcement approach in alcohol, cocaine and opioid addiction","volume":"74","author":"HG Roozen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref021","first-page":"Cd011315","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioural treatment for amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS)-use disorders","volume":"12","author":"T Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-2-4","article-title":"Efficacy of acupuncture for cocaine dependence: a systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"EJ Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref023","first-page":"Cd005192","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture for cocaine dependence","author":"S Gates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref024","first-page":"Cd002950","article-title":"Antidepressants for cocaine dependence and problematic cocaine use","author":"PP Pani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref025","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","author":"B Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.09.004","article-title":"Efficacy of antidepressants in substance use disorders with and without comorbid depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"M Torrens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref027","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine\/amphetamine use disorder-a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"B Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref028","first-page":"Cd007024","article-title":"Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence","author":"PP Pani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref029","first-page":"Cd003352","article-title":"Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref030","first-page":"Cd006306","article-title":"Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence","volume":"3","author":"BI Indave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.12.013","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs in cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Y Alvarez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1169","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13r08525","article-title":"Antipsychotics for cocaine or psychostimulant dependence: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"74","author":"T Kishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref033","first-page":"Cd006754","article-title":"Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.07.001","article-title":"Anticonvulsant drugs in cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Y Alvarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0234809.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13328","article-title":"Topiramate for cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"111","author":"M Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref036","first-page":"Cd007380","article-title":"Psychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence","volume":"9","author":"X Castells","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0370-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of psychostimulants for amphetamine and methamphetamine use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"M Bhatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234809.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.08.012","article-title":"Efficacy of indirect dopamine agonists for psychostimulant dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"40","author":"C Perez-Mana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modafinil Treatment of Cocaine Dependence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","author":"D Sangroula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S50807","article-title":"Clinical potential of methylphenidate in the treatment of cocaine addiction: a review of the current evidence","volume":"6","author":"KM Dursteler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990903108215","article-title":"Efficacy of opiate maintenance therapy and adjunctive interventions for opioid dependence with comorbid cocaine use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"X Castells","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.024","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine for treating cocaine addiction\u2014A systematic review","volume":"251","author":"MA Nocito Echevarria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234809.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015963","article-title":"Effects of voucher-based intervention on abstinence and retention in an outpatient treatment for cocaine addiction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"O Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref044","unstructured":"Castells X, Kosten TR, Capella D, Vidal X, Colom J, Casas M. Efficacy of opiate maintenance therapy and adjunctive interventions for opioid dependence with comorbid cocaine use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v24n04_09","article-title":"Efficacy of acupuncture for treating cocaine addiction: a review paper","volume":"24","author":"YH Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2295","article-title":"Topiramate for the treatment of cocaine addiction: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"BA Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.033","article-title":"Topiramate for cocaine dependence during methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"A Umbricht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234809.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03771.x","article-title":"Topiramate for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction: a multi-center placebo-controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"A Elkashef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234809.ref049","first-page":"Cd009695","article-title":"Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence","author":"C Perez-Mana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CRISM National Guideline for the Clinical Management of Opioid Use Disorder. 2018. Available at: http:\/\/www.cmaj.ca\/content\/cmaj\/suppl\/2018\/02\/27\/190.9.E247.DC1\/170958-guide-1-at.pdf.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170958"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0234809.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666150529144655","article-title":"Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Substance Use Disorders","volume":"14","author":"DJ Roberts-Wolfe","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234809.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12589","article-title":"Prize-based contingency management for the treatment of substance abusers: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"LA Benishek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.010","article-title":"Substance abuse treatment providers' beliefs and objections regarding contingency management: implications for dissemination","volume":"85","author":"KC Kirby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234809.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.201","article-title":"Effects of lower-cost incentives on stimulant abstinence in methadone maintenance treatment: a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study","volume":"63","author":"JM Peirce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.004","article-title":"An economic evaluation of a contingency-management intervention for stimulant use among community mental health patients with serious mental illness","volume":"153","author":"SM Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234809.ref056","first-page":"Cd002209","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0234809.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12633","article-title":"Efficacy of interventions to combat tobacco addiction: Cochrane update of 2013 reviews","volume":"109","author":"J Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234809.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-016-0416-y","article-title":"Safety and Tolerability of Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Comprehensive Review of Evidence","volume":"39","author":"JM Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0234809.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2010.11.004","article-title":"Stimulant abuse: pharmacology, cocaine, methamphetamine, treatment, attempts at pharmacotherapy","volume":"38","author":"D Ciccarone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref060","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Justice DEA, Diversion Control Division. National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) 2015 Annual Report. 2016. [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.004","article-title":"Measures of outcome for stimulant trials: ACTTION recommendations and research agenda","volume":"158","author":"BD Kiluk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.049","article-title":"Does outcome measurement of treatment for substance use disorder reflect the personal concerns of patients? A scoping review of measures recommended in Europe","volume":"179","author":"P Alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0225273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225273","article-title":"Polysubstance use patterns and novel synthetics: A cluster analysis from three U.S. cities","volume":"14","author":"L Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0234809.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000069","article-title":"Polysubstance use: diagnostic challenges, patterns of use and health","volume":"27","author":"JP Connor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107592","article-title":"A nationally representative analysis of \"twin epidemics\": Rising rates of methamphetamine use among persons who use opioids","volume":"204","author":"JC Strickland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234809.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(98)00039-7","article-title":"The effects of naltrexone on alcohol and cocaine use in dually addicted patients","volume":"16","author":"DW Oslin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0234809.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.83","article-title":"The Effects of Naltrexone on Subjective Response to Methamphetamine in a Clinical Sample: a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Laboratory Study","volume":"40","author":"LA Ray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0234809.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00098-8","article-title":"Naltrexone and relapse prevention treatment for cocaine-dependent patients","volume":"26","author":"JM Schmitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.11.011","article-title":"A double blind, placebo-controlled trial that combines disulfiram and naltrexone for treating co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence","volume":"33","author":"HM Pettinati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0234809.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.143","article-title":"Effects of acute oral naltrexone on the subjective and physiological effects of oral D-amphetamine and smoked cocaine in cocaine abusers","volume":"38","author":"SD Comer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0234809.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000297","article-title":"Extended-Release Injectable Naltrexone (XR-NTX) With Intensive Psychosocial Therapy for Amphetamine-Dependent Persons Seeking Treatment: A Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"V Runarsdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234809.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08862","article-title":"Multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of buspirone as a relapse-prevention treatment for cocaine dependence","volume":"75","author":"TM Winhusen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref073","first-page":"308","article-title":"Long-QT syndrome induced by the antiaddiction drug ibogaine","author":"DW Hoelen","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7557","key":"pone.0234809.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1038\/522S53a","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy: Quest for the quitting pill","volume":"522","author":"C Willyard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0234809.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.450","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TV-1380, a novel mutated butyrylcholinesterase treatment for cocaine addiction, after single and multiple intramuscular injections in healthy subjects","volume":"55","author":"O Cohen-Barak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0234809.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.014","article-title":"Effects of active anti-methamphetamine vaccination on intravenous self-administration in rats","volume":"153","author":"ML Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0234809.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802495237","article-title":"Substance user treatment dropout from client and clinician perspectives: a pilot study","volume":"44","author":"RS Palmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234809","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T06:32:37Z","timestamp":1667025157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234809"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0234809","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]}}}