{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:48:27Z","timestamp":1792820907395,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T17:28:32Z","timestamp":1595611712000},"page":"e0236448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Suicidal behaviours among in-school adolescents in Mozambique: Cross-sectional evidence of the prevalence and predictors using the Global School-Based Health Survey data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-9054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdul-Aziz","family":"Seidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0218-3843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hubert","family":"Amu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis Kobina","family":"Dadzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Amoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright Opoku","family":"Ahinkorah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward Kwabena","family":"Ameyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry Yaw","family":"Acheampong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwaku","family":"Kissah-Korsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0236448.ref001","volume-title":"Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.07.009","article-title":"Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic and HIV-risk factors in South Africa: findings of the 2012 HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey","volume":"3","author":"JC Mthembu","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM-population health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200110000-00005","article-title":"Prevention of suicide in adolescents","volume":"13","author":"M Catallozzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current opinion in pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref004","author":"S Kennebeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents: Epidemiology and risk factors"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Suicide: Key facts. WHO; 2019. https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/suicide"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.163295","article-title":"Adolescent suicidal behaviours in 32 low-and middle-income countries","volume":"94","author":"B McKinnon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref007","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in northeastern Brazil","author":"RJ Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30403-6","article-title":"Suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among adolescents in 59 low-income and middle-income countries: a population-based study","volume":"3","author":"R Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-606","article-title":"Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature.","volume":"14","author":"B Mars","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.05.005","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviours (ideation, plan and attempt) among adolescents in senior high schools in Ghana.","volume":"3","author":"KO Asante","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM-population health."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref011","first-page":"17","article-title":"Suicidal ideation among school-attending adolescents in Dar es Salaam","author":"AC Dunlavy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref012","first-page":"9","article-title":"Suicidal behaviour and related risk factors among school-aged youth in the Republic of Benin","author":"JR Randall","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref013","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of suicide ideation and attempt among adolescent high school students in Dangila Town, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"T Amare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-12-12","article-title":"Programa Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Biz, Mozambique: how did this adolescent health initiative grow from a pilot to a national programme, and what did it achieve?.","volume":"12","author":"V Chandra-Mouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive health.Dec"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref015","unstructured":"Simon C, Silveira C. Programa Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Biz (PGB): overview. 2012."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref016","volume-title":"From inception to large scale: the Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Biz Programme in Mozambique","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref017","volume-title":"In depth Review of Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Biz Program in Mozambique","author":"M Sanchez","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref018","unstructured":"The World Bank. School Enrollment, Secondary (% Net); 2020. https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/mozambique\/school-enrollment-secondary-percent-net-wb-data.html"},{"issue":"9569","key":"pone.0236448.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60368-7","article-title":"Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge","volume":"369","author":"V Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10024","key":"pone.0236448.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00234-2","article-title":"Suicide and suicidal behaviour","volume":"387","author":"G Turecki","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.034","article-title":"An examination of genes, stress and suicidal behavior in two First Nations communities: The role of the brain-derived neurotropic factor gene.","volume":"275","author":"CC Zai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02457.x","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 self-reported suicide attempts, self-harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries.","volume":"53","author":"A Kokkevi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.02.012","article-title":"Is attempted suicide different in adolescent and adults?","volume":"157","author":"M Parellada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2212-6","article-title":"Does food insecurity link to suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents? Findings from the low-income country of sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"19","author":"FK Shayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref025","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Geneva: WHO; 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/ncds\/surveillance\/gshs\/mozambique\/en\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0236448.ref026","first-page":"202","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and associated factors among in-school adolescents in Zambia.","volume":"9","author":"AS Muula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among high school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.","volume":"19","author":"AO Adewuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210383","article-title":"Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among adolescent students in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Students Health Survey.","volume":"14","author":"AR Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0236448.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00955.x","article-title":"Protective factors relating to decreased risks of adolescent suicidal behaviour","volume":"35","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child: care, health and development."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0236448.ref030","first-page":"24","article-title":"How poverty affects classroom engagement.","volume":"70","author":"E Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educational Leadership."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028015","article-title":"The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention.","volume":"67","author":"H Yoshikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Psychologist."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.01.033","article-title":"Food insecurity (hunger) and suicide attempts among 179,771 adolescents attending school from 9 high-income, 31 middle-income, and 4 low-income countries: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"248","author":"A Koyanagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0236448.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9114122","article-title":"Suicidal expression among school-attending adolescents in a middle-income sub-Saharan country","volume":"9","author":"ML Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.e41","article-title":"Hunger: its impact on children\u2019s health and mental health","volume":"110","author":"L Weinreb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2011.540467","article-title":"Non-suicidal and suicidal self-injurious behavior among Flemish adolescents: A web-survey.","volume":"15","author":"I Baetens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Suicide Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-6-11","article-title":"The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates.","volume":"6","author":"MS Andover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health.Dec"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0236448.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9452-6","article-title":"The role of cognitive distortion in the relationship between abuse, assault, and non-suicidal self-injury","volume":"39","author":"JT Weismoore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of youth and adolescence"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4300-6","article-title":"The relationship between psychological distress and bullying victimisation among school-going adolescents in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"12","author":"DK Arhin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC research notes."},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref039","unstructured":"National Education Association. Bullying Prevention in Public Schools: An NEA policy brief; 2020. http:\/\/www.nea.org\/assets\/docs\/Bullying-PreventioninPublicSchools-PolicyBrief.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104720","article-title":"Cyberbullying: Roles of school psychologists and school counselors in addressing a pervasive social justice issue.","volume":"109","author":"S Elbedour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0236448.ref041","first-page":"70","article-title":"Relationship between bullying and suicidal behaviour in youth presenting to the emergency department","volume":"26","author":"N Alavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4143","article-title":"Relationship between peer victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"M Van Geel","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0236448.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12352","article-title":"Screening for adolescent suicidality in primary care: the bullying\u2013insomnia\u2013tobacco\u2013stress test. A population\u2010based pilot study.","volume":"12","author":"P Binder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early intervention in psychiatry."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref044","first-page":"401","article-title":"The relationship of anxiety, stress, and depression with suicidal thoughts among female adolescents: The meditating role of victim of bullying","volume":"19","author":"M Najafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0236448.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-016-0038-8","article-title":"Bullying and suicidal behavior during adolescence: A developmental perspective.","volume":"2","author":"JF Gunn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adolescent research review."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0236448.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27682","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v10.27682","article-title":"Adolescent suicide in Ghana: A content analysis of media reports.","volume":"10","author":"E Nii-Boye Quarshie","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0236448.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.19082\/5212","article-title":"The correlation of social support with mental health: A meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"TF Harandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electronic physician."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0236448.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-014-9473-7","article-title":"Peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and rule-breaking behavior in adolescence: The moderating role of peer social support","volume":"37","author":"JL Cooley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0236448.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.11.014","article-title":"With a little help from my friends: Psychological, endocrine and health corollaries of social support in parental caregivers of children with autism or ADHD","volume":"33","author":"B Lovell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research in developmental disabilities"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref050","author":"HN Shilubane","journal-title":"High school students\u2019 knowledge and experience with a peer who committed or attempted suicide: a focus group study"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref051","author":"EJ Fenclau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cyberbullying, Suicidal Behavior, and Emotional Intelligence: A Portentous Combination"},{"key":"pone.0236448.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2017.04.010","article-title":"Keeping secrets from friends: Exploring the effects of friendship quality, loneliness and self-esteem on secrecy","volume":"58","author":"P Corsano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of adolescence"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0236448.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2018.91007","article-title":"Close Friendships and Mental Health of Korean American Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Personality.","volume":"9","author":"M Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22125","article-title":"Can social support buffer the association between depression and suicidal ideation in adolescent boys and girls?.","volume":"55","author":"SS Fredrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0236448.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/sode.12363","article-title":"The interplay of friends and parents in adolescents\u2019 daily lives: Towards a dynamic view of social support.","volume":"28","author":"HL Schacter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0236448.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32833063e1","article-title":"Epidemiology of youth suicide and suicidal behavior","volume":"21","author":"SJ Cash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current opinion in pediatrics"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T11:00:11Z","timestamp":1667559611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236448"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joel Msafiri","family":"Francis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236448","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}}}