{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:10:26Z","timestamp":1790719826882,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T17:26:54Z","timestamp":1597080414000},"page":"e0237232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Evidence for contamination as the origin for bacteria found in human placenta rather than a microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Gschwind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-8922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sean","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilis","family":"Tsatsaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Ga\u00ebl","family":"Cordier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Barbut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Jos\u00e9","family":"Butel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2023-3656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandra","family":"Wydau-Dematteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0237232.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23129","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23129","article-title":"Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid","volume":"6","author":"MC Collado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0237232.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.10.007","article-title":"Term and preterm labour are associated with distinct microbial community structures in placental membranes which are independent of mode of delivery","volume":"35","author":"RM Doyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237232.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-0020-3","article-title":"Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section","volume":"51","author":"E Jimenez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0237232.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.075","article-title":"Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure","volume":"215","author":"I Moreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237232.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000255663.47512.23","article-title":"Value of placental microbial evaluation in diagnosing intra-amniotic infection","volume":"109","author":"CM Pettker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237232.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000153869.96337.90","article-title":"Bacteria and inflammatory cells in fetal membranes do not always cause preterm labor","volume":"57","author":"JH Steel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1602","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1602","article-title":"Characterisation of the human uterine microbiome in non-pregnant women through deep sequencing of the V1-2 region of the 16S rRNA gene","volume":"4","author":"H Verstraelen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"237","key":"pone.0237232.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237ra65","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599","article-title":"The placenta harbors a unique microbiome","volume":"6","author":"K Aagaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0237232.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.155","article-title":"Gestational diabetes is associated with changes in placental microbiota and microbiome","volume":"80","author":"J Bassols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237232.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/737294","article-title":"Bacterial communities in neonatal feces are similar to mothers' placentae","volume":"26","author":"XD Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0237232.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180167","article-title":"Bacterial communities found in placental tissues are associated with severe chorioamnionitis and adverse birth outcomes","volume":"12","author":"RM Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03066-4","article-title":"Contributions of the maternal oral and gut microbiome to placental microbial colonization in overweight and obese pregnant women","volume":"7","author":"LF Gomez-Arango","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11514-4","article-title":"Microbial communities in placentas from term normal pregnancy exhibit spatially variable profiles","volume":"7","author":"LA Parnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237232.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.04.036","article-title":"Visualization of microbes by 16S in situ hybridization in term and preterm placentas without intraamniotic infection","volume":"221","author":"MD Seferovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663084","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1663084","article-title":"Composition and maternal origin of the neonatal oral cavity microbiota","volume":"11","author":"H Tuominen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0237232.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127806","article-title":"Fetal exposure to the maternal microbiota in humans and mice","volume":"4","author":"N Younge","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0237232.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6924","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085315","article-title":"The Placental Microbiome Varies in Association with Low Birth Weight in Full-Term Neonates","volume":"7","author":"J Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"47","key":"pone.0237232.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82314","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19319","article-title":"Correlation of placental microbiota with fetal macrosomia and clinical characteristics in mothers and newborns","volume":"8","author":"J Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0237232.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118804411","article-title":"Antenatal Microbial Colonization of Mammalian Gut","volume":"26","author":"E Borghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0237232.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12619","article-title":"Microbiome of the placenta in pre-eclampsia supports the role of bacteria in the multifactorial cause of pre-eclampsia","volume":"41","author":"R Amarasekara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0237232.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.12.041","article-title":"The preterm placental microbiome varies in association with excess maternal gestational weight gain","volume":"212","author":"KM Antony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0237232.ref022","article-title":"Enrichment of Clinically Relevant Organisms in Spontaneous Preterm-Delivered Placentas and Reagent Contamination across All Clinical Groups in a Large Pregnancy Cohort in the United Kingdom","volume":"84","author":"LJ Leon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00675","article-title":"The Placental Microbiota Is Altered among Subjects with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"8","author":"J Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Pilot Study. Front Physiol"},{"issue":"7769","key":"pone.0237232.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1451-5","article-title":"Human placenta has no microbiome but can contain potential pathogens","volume":"572","author":"MC de Goffau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237232.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15896","article-title":"Deep microbial analysis of multiple placentas shows no evidence for a placental microbiome","volume":"127","author":"AA Kuperman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0172-3","article-title":"Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota","volume":"4","author":"AP Lauder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0575-4","article-title":"Lack of detection of a human placenta microbiome in samples from preterm and term deliveries","volume":"6","author":"JS Leiby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237232.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.018","article-title":"Does the human placenta delivered at term have a microbiota? Results of cultivation, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomics","volume":"220","author":"KR Theis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"254","key":"pone.0237232.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254le4","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009864","article-title":"Comment on \"the placenta harbors a unique microbiome\"","volume":"6","author":"HJ Kliman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0237232.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30503-6","article-title":"Microbiome studies and \"blue whales in the Himalayas\"","volume":"18","author":"D The Lancet Infectious","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7688","key":"pone.0237232.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-00664-8","article-title":"Could baby's first bacteria take root before birth?","volume":"553","author":"C Willyard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2018.09.005","article-title":"Fetal environment and fetal intestine are sterile during the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"204","author":"N Malmuthuge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237232.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.11.003","article-title":"Contamination in Low Microbial Biomass Microbiome Studies: Issues and Recommendations","volume":"27","author":"R Eisenhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237232.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"B Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1568-0","article-title":"KrakenUniq: confident and fast metagenomics classification using unique k-mer counts","volume":"19","author":"FP Breitwieser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref036","article-title":"Pavian: Interactive analysis of metagenomics data for microbiome studies and pathogen identification","author":"FP Breitwieser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1554-6","article-title":"RefSeq database growth influences the accuracy of k-mer-based lowest common ancestor species identification","volume":"19","author":"DJ Nasko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237232.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilv017","article-title":"Analyses of Intestinal Microbiota: Culture versus Sequencing","volume":"56","author":"A Hiergeist","year":"2015","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0041-0","article-title":"Culturing the human microbiota and culturomics","volume":"16","author":"JC Lagier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237232.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2008.02475.x","article-title":"Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus DNA in the human placenta","volume":"48","author":"R Satokari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-016-0103-7","article-title":"Inherent bacterial DNA contamination of extraction and sequencing reagents may affect interpretation of microbiota in low bacterial biomass samples","volume":"8","author":"A Glassing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0237232.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0126-1","article-title":"The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes","volume":"3","author":"H Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237232.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00290-19","article-title":"Controlling for Contaminants in Low-Biomass 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Experiments","volume":"4","author":"L Karstens","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0237232.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0202-y","article-title":"Recognizing the reagent microbiome","volume":"3","author":"MC de Goffau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T17:28:06Z","timestamp":1597080486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237232"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]}}}