{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:58:21Z","timestamp":1773280701043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3.2.1002.11\u20130002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.2.1002.11\u20130002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institutional Research Funding","award":["IUT 34\u201316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUT 34\u201316"]}]},{"name":"Government Office of Estonia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T22:19:55Z","timestamp":1597443595000},"page":"e0237562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The prevalence and patterns of exposure to interpersonal violence among men and women in Estonia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-9743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hedda","family":"Lippus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadri","family":"Soo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Made","family":"Laanpere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Yount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Part","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Ringmets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mare","family":"Ainsaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle","family":"Karro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0237562.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","volume-title":"World report on violence and health","author":"EG Krug","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2311-3","article-title":"Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill health: a cross-sectional study of Swedish male and female clinical and population samples.","volume":"15","author":"J Simmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070083","article-title":"Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort.","volume":"19","author":"D Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008","article-title":"Poly-victimization: a neglected component in child victimization.","volume":"31","author":"D Finkelhor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012","article-title":"Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth.","volume":"38","author":"HA Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011404253","article-title":"Cumulative abuse: do things add up? An evaluation of the conceptualization, operationalization, and methodological approaches in the study of the phenomenon of cumulative abuse.","volume":"12","author":"K Scott-Storey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.09.012","article-title":"Lifetime assessment of poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth.","volume":"33","author":"D Finkelhor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515586376","article-title":"Effects of poly-victimization on adolescent social support, self-concept, and psychological distress.","volume":"32","author":"HA Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref010","volume-title":"Why do some men use violence against women and how can we prevent it? Quantitative findings from the United Nations multi-country study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific.","author":"E Fulu","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref011","unstructured":"World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, South African Medical Research Council. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva; 2013."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref012","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010\u20132012 State Report","author":"SG Smith","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref013","volume-title":"Crime in Estonia 1991\u20132001","author":"J Saar","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn097","article-title":"Public health development in the Baltic countries (1992\u20132005): from problems to policy.","volume":"18","author":"JS O\u2019Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref015","first-page":"24","article-title":"Estonian labor market in the past decade.","volume":"1","author":"T R\u00f5\u00f5m","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kroon Econ."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref016","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u00b4s Fund. Women in Transition, Regional Monitoring Report no. 6. Florence; 1999 [cited 2020 April 5]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/36\/."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref017","first-page":"187","article-title":"A two-dimensional two-layered societal index of interpersonal destructiveness: internal consistency analysis.","volume":"22","author":"O Nahkur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref018","volume-title":"Eesti elanikkonna teadlikkuse uuring soop\u00f5hise v\u00e4givalla ja inimkaubanduse valdkonnas 2016 [The knowledge and attitudes towards gender-based violence and human trafficking in Estonia 2016]","author":"TNS Emor","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks144","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and sexual health outcomes: A population-based study among 16-44-year-old women in Estonia.","volume":"23","author":"M Laanpere","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref020","unstructured":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: An EU-wide survey. Main results. Luxembourg; 2014."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-845","article-title":"Self-reported exposure to intimate partner violence among women and men in Sweden: results from a population-based survey.","volume":"13","author":"L Nybergh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507306566","article-title":"Who is most at risk for intimate partner violence? A Canadian population-based study.","volume":"22","author":"S Romans","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.477","article-title":"Victimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings.","volume":"73","author":"KF Balsam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104234","article-title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adversities later in life. Survey data from a high-risk Norwegian sample.","volume":"98","author":"A Dovran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref025","first-page":"2015","volume-title":"Estonian Women\u00b4s Health 2014: sexual and reproductive health, health behaviour, attitudes and use of healthcare services. Survey report.","author":"H Lippus"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref026","volume-title":"Eesti meeste hoiakute ja k\u00e4itumise uuring: tervis, haridus, t\u00f6\u00f6h\u00f5ive, r\u00e4nne ja pereloome [Survey of Estonian men\u2019s attitude and behaviour: health, education, employment, migration and family formation].","author":"A Themas","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref027","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Putting women first: ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women. Geneva; 2001."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref028","unstructured":"Statistics Estonia. Population and Housing Census 2011. Tallinn: Statistics Estonia; 2013 [cited 2020 April 5]. Available from: https:\/\/www.stat.ee\/phc2011."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/13.4.361","article-title":"The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ): validation of new measures of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and abuse in the health care system among women.","volume":"13","author":"K Swahnberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2011.03.001","article-title":"NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men (m-NorAQ): validation of new measures of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and abuse in health care in male patients.","volume":"8","author":"K Swahnberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gend Med."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095208","article-title":"Exploring gender differences in the patterns of intimate partner violence in Canada: a latent class approach.","volume":"64","author":"DL Ansara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Heal"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-945","article-title":"Men\u2019s and women\u2019s exposure and perpetration of partner violence: an epidemiological study from Sweden.","volume":"12","author":"S L\u00f6vestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340902846056","article-title":"Gendered patterns of high violence exposure among Swedish youth.","volume":"88","author":"I Danielsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-007-9070-6","article-title":"Harsh discipline and child problem behaviors: the roles of positive parenting and gender.","volume":"22","author":"L McKee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514556105","article-title":"The prevalence of potentially victimizing events, poly-victimization, and its association to sociodemographic factors: a Swedish youth survey.","volume":"31","author":"N Aho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref036","volume-title":"Kiusamine koolis. Uuringu raport. [Bullying at school. Study report]","author":"L Mark","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494815585936","article-title":"Emotional, physical and sexual violence among Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: The SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study.","volume":"43","author":"AMA Eriksen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref038","volume-title":"Kuritegevus Eestis 2017 [Crime in Estonia 2017].","author":"A Ahven","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-109","article-title":"What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence.","volume":"11","author":"T Abramsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20578","article-title":"Traumatic Stress, affect dysregulation, and dysfunctional avoidance: a structural equation model.","volume":"23","author":"J Briere","year":"2010","journal-title":"J of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020284","article-title":"Child maltreatment polyvictimization: rates and short-term effects on adjustment in a representative Hong Kong sample.","volume":"1","author":"KL Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Violence"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.9.1.18","article-title":"Cumulative childhood maltreatment and subsequent psychological violence in intimate relationships: the role of emotion dysregulation.","volume":"9","author":"C Dugal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Partner Abuse"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref043","volume-title":"Indicators of gender equality","author":"T J\u00e4rvp\u00f5ld","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref044","first-page":"33","article-title":"Parental education, class and income over early life course and children\u2019s achievement.","volume":"44","author":"J Erola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Soc Stratif Mobil"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.04.006","article-title":"Aggression and violent behavior gender and types of intimate partner violence: a response to an anti-feminist literature review.","volume":"16","author":"MP Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"pone.0237562.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12392","article-title":"Prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse among pregnant women in six European countries.","volume":"93","author":"M Lukasse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T22:20:25Z","timestamp":1597443625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237562"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Kamperman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237562","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}}}