{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:09:59Z","timestamp":1769148599972,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T17:48:06Z","timestamp":1597945686000},"page":"e0237905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A classification model of homelessness using integrated administrative data: Implications for targeting interventions to improve the housing status, health and well-being of a highly vulnerable population"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4824-0284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Baggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bernson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Elena","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Kennedy-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Monterrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Smelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Bharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9953","key":"pone.0237905.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","article-title":"The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations","volume":"384","author":"S Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237905.ref002","first-page":"173","article-title":"Employment and Earnings Trajectories During Two Decades Among Adults in New York City Homeless Shelters.","volume":"20","author":"S Metraux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cityscape"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237905.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/2787093","article-title":"The Stigma of Homelessness: The Impact of the Label "Homeless" on Attitudes Toward Poor Persons.","volume":"60","author":"J Phelan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0237905.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.5.659","article-title":"Homelessness, severe mental illness, and the institutional circuit.","volume":"48","author":"K Hopper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237905.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400010","article-title":"A prospective study of the associations among housing status and costs of services in a homeless population.","volume":"66","author":"BS Fuehrlein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237905.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2002.9521437","article-title":"Public Service Reductions Associated with Placement of Homeless Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Supportive Housing.","volume":"13","author":"DP Culhane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hous Policy Debate"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref007","volume-title":"Where we sleep: Costs when homeless and housed in Los Angeles","author":"D Flaming","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0237905.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132664","article-title":"Identifying Homelessness among Veterans Using VA Administrative Data: Opportunities to Expand Detection Criteria.","volume":"10","author":"R Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237905.ref009","first-page":"20541","article-title":"Identifying homelessness using health information exchange data.","volume":"75","author":"J Zech","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref010","article-title":"Identifying Homeless Medicaid Enrollees Using Enrollment Addresses.","author":"KD Vickery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref011","first-page":"537","article-title":"Using natural language processing on the free text of clinical documents to screen for evidence of homelessness among US veterans","volume":"2013","author":"V Gundlapalli A","year":"2013","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref012","first-page":"451","article-title":"Mining 100 million notes to find homelessness and adverse childhood experiences: 2 case studies of rare and severe social determinants of health in electronic health records.","volume":"2013","author":"CA Bejan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237905.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.8240","article-title":"Optimizing the Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify High-Risk Psychosocial Determinants of Health.","volume":"5","author":"NM Oreskovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Med informatics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0237905.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12098","article-title":"Predicting Homelessness among Emerging Adults Aging Out of Foster Care.","volume":"60","author":"MF Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref015","article-title":"Prioritizing Homeless Assistance Using Predictive Algorithms: An Evidence-Based Approach.","author":"H Toros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cityscape A J Policy Dev Res"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toros H, Flaming D, Burns P. Early Intervention to Prevent Persistent Homelesness: Predictive Models for Identifying Unemployed Workers and Young Adults Who Become Persistently Homeless [Internet]. Los Angeles, CA; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/economicrt.org\/publication\/early-intervention-to-prevent-persistent-homelessness\/","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3370634"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237905.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-070308-115940","article-title":"The New Homelessness Revisited.","volume":"36","author":"BA Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref018","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Identifying homelessness at an urban public hospital: A moving target?Internet]","author":"M Tsai","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0237905.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1604","article-title":"Mortality Among Homeless Adults in Boston.","volume":"173","author":"TP Baggett","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref020","first-page":"2010","volume-title":"Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths\u2014United States, 2010\u20132015.","author":"RA Rudd","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref021","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. An Assessment of Fatal and Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Massachusetts (2011\u20132015) [Internet]. Boston, MA; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/files\/documents\/2017\/08\/31\/legislative-report-chapter-55-aug-2017.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237905.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3711-8","article-title":"Predictors of homelessness among vulnerably housed adults in 3 Canadian cities: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"16","author":"MJ To","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237905.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.370","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Homelessness and Utilization of Mental Health Services Among 10,340 Patients With Serious Mental Illness in a Large Public Mental Health System.","volume":"162","author":"DP Folsom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237905.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.465","article-title":"Risk factors for homelessness: evidence from a population-based study.","volume":"60","author":"KH Shelton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0237905.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu004","article-title":"Risk Factors for Homelessness Among US Veterans.","volume":"37","author":"J Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6849-3","volume-title":"Applied predictive modeling","author":"M Kuhn","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brodersen KH, Ong CS, Stephan KE, Buhmann JM. The Balanced Accuracy and Its Posterior Distribution. In: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition [Internet]. IEEE; 2010 [cited 2018 Jul 5]. p. 3121\u20134. Available from: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5597285\/","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.764"},{"issue":"6632","key":"pone.0237905.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6632.1313","article-title":"Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates.","volume":"296","author":"JA Morris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"2013","edition":"3"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0237905.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.10.006","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of opiate overdose among young injection drug users in a large U.S. city.","volume":"88","author":"SG Sherman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref031","unstructured":"Vaithianathan R, Putnam-Hornstein E, Jiang N, Nand P, Maloney T. Developing Predictive Models to Support Child Maltreatment Hotline Screening Decisions: Allegheny County Methodology and Implementation [Internet]. Auckland, New Zealand; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.alleghenycountyanalytics.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/DevelopingPredictiveRiskModels-package_011618.pdf"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0237905.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.12.1907","article-title":"Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States.","volume":"84","author":"BG Link","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0237905.ref033","first-page":"229","article-title":"Homelessness and health.","volume":"164","author":"S Hwang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"pone.0237905.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S311","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301421","article-title":"Health care utilization patterns of homeless individuals in Boston: preparing for Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act.","volume":"103","author":"M Bharel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0237905.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0068","article-title":"Association between the level of housing instability, economic standing and health care access: a meta-regression.","volume":"19","author":"KW Reid","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0237905.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.5.778","article-title":"Emergency Department Use Among the Homeless and Marginally Housed: Results From a Community-Based Study.","volume":"92","author":"MB Kushel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T17:48:42Z","timestamp":1597945722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237905"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Benn","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]}}}