{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:49:46Z","timestamp":1792788586285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guenther Bionics GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T13:32:01Z","timestamp":1599053521000},"page":"e0238093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The influence of hip muscle strength on gait in individuals with a unilateral transfemoral amputation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-1923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Walter Werner","family":"Heitzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Leboucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Putz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"G\u00f6tze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian Immanuel","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merkur","family":"Alimusaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0238093.ref001","first-page":"77","article-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen am Bewegungsapparat als Folge von Amputationen an der unteren Extremit\u00e4t","volume":"12","author":"E Pr\u00f6bsting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z Orthop Unfall"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649609164425","article-title":"Stump length as related to atrophy and strength of the thigh muscles in trans-tibial amputees","volume":"20","author":"E Isakov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"pone.0238093.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.08.065","article-title":"Strength deficits in trans-tibial amputees","volume":"30","author":"D Heitzmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.4.369","article-title":"The influence of lower-extremity muscle force on gait characteristics in individuals with below-knee amputations secondary to vascular disease","volume":"76","author":"CM Powers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238093.ref005","first-page":"131","article-title":"Maximal rotation power of the hip joint in upper & lower leg amputees, as compared with persons with normal legs","volume":"91","author":"T Hettinger","year":"1959","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238093.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000227","article-title":"Selective thigh muscle atrophy in trans-tibial amputees: an ultrasonographic study","volume":"121","author":"T Schmalz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238093.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179887","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179887","article-title":"Clinimetric properties of hip abduction strength measurements obtained using a handheld dynamometer in individuals with a lower extremity amputation","volume":"12","author":"RA Leijendekkers","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/03093640903214075","article-title":"Muscle strength and bone mineral density in mine victims with transtibial amputation","volume":"33","author":"I Tugcu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref009","first-page":"55","article-title":"Maximal isometric muscle strength in healthy active male unilateral above-knee amputees, with special regard to the hip joint","volume":"5","author":"U James","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238093.ref010","volume":"6","author":"M Kowal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscle torque of the hip joint flexors and extensors in physically active and inactive amputees"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2012-0036","article-title":"Integrating strength tests of amputees within the protocol of conventional clinical gait analysis: a novel approach","volume":"58","author":"DW Heitzmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomedizinische Technik Biomedical engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00038-0","article-title":"Abduction-adduction moments at the knee during stair ascent and descent","volume":"29","author":"DL Kowalk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0238093.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506070700","article-title":"Physical capacity and walking ability after lower limb amputation: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"JM van Velzen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical rehabilitation"},{"issue":"319","key":"pone.0238093.ref014","first-page":"276","article-title":"Changes in hip muscles after above-knee amputation","author":"SM Jaegers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical orthopaedics and related research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0238093.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.04.008","article-title":"Interlimb Muscle and Fat Comparisons in Persons With Lower-Limb Amputation","volume":"91","author":"VD Sherk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref016","article-title":"Structural changes in the thigh muscles following trans-femoral amputation","author":"C Putz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Magnetic-resonance-imaging-based three-dimensional muscle reconstruction of hip abductor muscle volume in a person with a transfemoral bone-anchored prosthesis: A feasibility study","author":"RA Leijendekkers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiotherapy theory and practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0238093.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/61.10.1419","article-title":"Effects of isometric muscle training on residual limb volume, strength, and gait of below-knee amputees","volume":"61","author":"B Kegel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238093.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197790223943","article-title":"Isokinetic strength training in below-knee amputees","volume":"22","author":"U Klingenstierna","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640903082118","article-title":"Lower limb strength in sports-active transtibial amputees","volume":"33","author":"L Nolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0238093.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1199617","article-title":"Ueber den Gang bei angeborener H\u00fcftgelenksluxation","volume":"21","author":"F Trendelenburg","year":"1895","journal-title":"Dtsch med Wochenschr"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref022","article-title":"Assessment of trunk frontal kinetics in subjects with cerebral palsy showing a Duchenne gait pattern","author":"F Salami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait & posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.12.018","article-title":"The influence of hip abductor weakness on frontal plane motion of the trunk and pelvis in patients with cerebral palsy","volume":"34","author":"BK Krautwurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in developmental disabilities"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.08.008","article-title":"Computerized gait analysis in Legg Calve Perthes disease\u2014analysis of the frontal plane","volume":"24","author":"B Westhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait & posture"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0238093.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80528-1","article-title":"Prosthetic gait of unilateral transfemoral amputees: a kinematic study","volume":"76","author":"SM Jaegers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649709164541","article-title":"Analysis of torso movement of trans-femoral amputees during level walking","volume":"21","author":"E Tazawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.09.015","article-title":"A method for comparing manual muscle strength measurements with joint moments during walking","volume":"24","author":"A Fosang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.10.092","article-title":"Association between isometric muscle strength and gait joint kinetics in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy","volume":"33","author":"AJ Dallmeijer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait & posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1095950","article-title":"Isometric muscle strength and mobility capacity in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"AJ Dallmeijer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0238093.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.32309","article-title":"The amputee mobility predictor: an instrument to assess determinants of the lower-limb amputee's ability to ambulate","volume":"83","author":"RS Gailey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238093.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-198406000-00005","article-title":"Grading of muscle power: comparison of MRC and analogue scales by physiotherapists","volume":"7","author":"J John","year":"1984","journal-title":"Medical Research Council. Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref032","first-page":"9","article-title":"Normal Shape-Normal Alignment (NSNA) Above-Knee Prosthesis","volume":"9","author":"I Long","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Prosthetics & Orthotics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238093.ref033","first-page":"53","article-title":"Allowing Normal Adduction of Femur in above-Knee Amputations","volume":"29","author":"I Long","year":"1975","journal-title":"Orthotics and Prosthetics"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649709164538","article-title":"A new biomechanical method for determination of static prosthetic alignment","volume":"21","author":"S BLUMENTRITT","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238093.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.08.014","article-title":"Which functional impairments are the main contributors to pelvic anterior tilt during gait in individuals with cerebral palsy?","volume":"39","author":"SI Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0238093.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z","article-title":"A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique","volume":"10","author":"RB Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238093.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070611","article-title":"Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait","volume":"7","author":"MP Kadaba","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of orthopaedic research: official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080310","article-title":"Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking","volume":"8","author":"MP Kadaba","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0238093.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90175-M","article-title":"On the estimation of joint kinematics during gait","volume":"24","author":"HK Ramakrishnan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2012.07.010","article-title":"Analysis of different uncertainties in the inverse dynamic analysis of human gait","volume":"58","author":"R P\u00e0mies-Vil\u00e0","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mechanism and Machine Theory"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0238093.ref041","first-page":"840","article-title":"Isometric and isokinetic hip abductor strength in persons with above-knee amputations","volume":"69","author":"DK Ryser","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/03093648209166573","article-title":"Angular displacements in the upper body of AK amputees during level walking","volume":"6","author":"A Cappozzo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238093.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.136","article-title":"Three-dimensional motions of trunk and pelvis during transfemoral amputee gait","volume":"89","author":"H Goujon-Pillet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref044","article-title":"Transfemoral Prosthesis Suspension Systems: A Systematic Review of the Literature","author":"H Gholizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation \/ Association of Academic Physiatrists"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640108726605","article-title":"Ultrasound study of the motion of the residual femur within a trans-femoral socket during daily living activities other than gait","volume":"25","author":"P Convery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238093.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640308726686","article-title":"Pelvic motion in trans-femoral amputees in the frontal and transverse plane before and after special gait re-education","volume":"27","author":"C Sjodahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prosthetics and orthotics international"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0238093.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.01.017","article-title":"Adaptation Strategies of the Lower Extremities of Patients With a Transtibial or Transfemoral Amputation During Level Walking: A Systematic Review","volume":"92","author":"EC Prinsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"pone.0238093.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.03.033","article-title":"Hip extension power and abduction power asymmetry as independent predictors of walking speed in individuals with unilateral lower-limb amputation","volume":"70","author":"LF Crozara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0238093.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280310001603983","article-title":"Prosthetic socket fit comfort score","volume":"25","author":"RS Hanspal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T15:36:26Z","timestamp":1696606586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238093"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yih-Kuen","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]}}}