{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:42:53Z","timestamp":1780990973637,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T22:07:43Z","timestamp":1599862063000},"page":"e0238723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Non-GABA sleep medications, suvorexant as risk factors for falls: Case-control and case-crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-9169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Nishitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-4423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Touko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahoko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ashidate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Ishiwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyasu","family":"Ichijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Sasabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238723.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-010-1543-4","article-title":"Committee on Osteoporosis of The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Nationwide one-decade survey of hip fractures in Japan","volume":"15","author":"H Hagino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref002","unstructured":"Nevitt MC. Falls in the elderly: Risk factors and prevention. Masdeu JC, et al eds. Gait disorders of aging. Falls and therapeutic strategies. Lippincott\u2013Raven, Philadelphia, 1997, pp13-36."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12071","article-title":"Fall-associated difficulty with activities of daily living in functionally independent individuals aged 65 to 69 in the United States: a cohort study","volume":"61","author":"NK Sekaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1994.tb09756.x","article-title":"Patient accidents in hospital: incidence, documentation and significance","volume":"48","author":"JC Sutton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238723.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2024","article-title":"The patient who falls: \"It's always a trade-off\"","volume":"303","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0238723.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430230088031","article-title":"Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture","volume":"262","author":"WA Ray","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx167","article-title":"Z-drugs and risk for falls and fractures in older adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"N Treves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238723.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-017-0207-7","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research","volume":"17","author":"Jaden Brand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs R DDec"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0186","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn","volume":"6","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref010","volume-title":"Prescription Sleep Aid Use Among Adults: United States, 2005\u20132010","author":"Y Chong","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.10.79","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep disturbance and hypnotic medication use in relation to sociodemographic factors in the general Japanese adult population","volume":"10","author":"Y Doi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref012","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Berg RL, Cassells JS, eds. The Second Fifty Years: Promoting Health and Preventing Disability. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1992."},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref013","first-page":"491","article-title":"Suvorexant: a promising, novel treatment for insomnia","volume":"12","author":"JK Lee-Iannotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref014","first-page":"259","article-title":"Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep parameters as measured by polysomnography in healthy men","volume":"36","author":"H Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6845.1","article-title":"Is suvorexant a better choice than alternative hypnotics?","volume":"4","author":"DF Kripke","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref016","unstructured":"Farkas RH, Katz R, Illoh K, et al.: Application Number 204569Orig1s000: Medical Review(s).2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0238723.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70053-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"D Michelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.10.003","article-title":"Suvorexant in Patients With Insomnia: Results From Two 3-Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials","volume":"79","author":"WJ Herring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0238723.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827688ee","article-title":"Orexin receptor antagonism for treatment of insomnia: a randomized clinical trial of suvorexant","volume":"79","author":"WJ Herring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0238723.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.09.010","article-title":"Review of Safety and Efficacy of Sleep Medicines in Older Adults","volume":"38","author":"JL Schroeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0238723.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2018.1466710","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of suvorexant for the treatment of Japanese elderly patients with chronic insomnia in a virtual cohort","volume":"21","author":"S Nishimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238723.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27991","article-title":"Effectiveness of ramelteon for insomnia symptoms in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"6","author":"NS Gooneratne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0238723.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1272","article-title":"Next-day effects of ramelteon (8 mg), zopiclone (7.5 mg), and placebo on highway driving performance, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, and mood in healthy adult subjects","volume":"34","author":"MA Mets","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.10.006","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of ramelteon in Japanese patients with chronic insomnia","volume":"12","author":"M Uchiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S6846","article-title":"Critical appraisal of ramelteon in the treatment of insomnia","volume":"2","author":"MA Mets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref026","unstructured":"FDA. CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH. APPLICATION NUMBER:204569Orig1s000. June 29 2013. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2014\/204569Orig1s000MedR.pdf (accessed 2 July 2019)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238723.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326040-00004","article-title":"New drugs for insomnia: comparative tolerability of zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon","volume":"26","author":"MG Terzano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref028","unstructured":"Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd Edition. 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Chapter 8 p111-127."},{"issue":"7288","key":"pone.0238723.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7288.704","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and hip fractures in elderly people: case-control study","volume":"322","author":"C Pierfitte","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0238723.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.05.003","article-title":"Use of sleep medications and risk of cancer: a matched case-control study","volume":"16","author":"B Sivertsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1127","article-title":"Why match? Investigating matched case-control study designs with causal effect estimation","volume":"5","author":"S Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Biostat"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238723.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"18","author":"JP Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990115)18:1<1::AID-SIM961>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"A unified approach to the analysis of case-distribution (case-only) studies","volume":"18","author":"S Greenland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0238723.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.1701","article-title":"Effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on memory disturbance and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"32","author":"Y Ikarashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref035","first-page":"149","article-title":"Multiple Psychopharmacological Effects of the Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine Yokukansan, and the Brain Regions it Affects","volume":"8","author":"K Mizoguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref036","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J. Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref037","unstructured":"Japanese Nursing Association 2002. White paper nursing. Japanese Nursing Association Publishing Company, 2002. p.170-196. In Japanese."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref038","first-page":"31","article-title":"Prediction accuracy of fall risk check tool for hospitalized patients","volume":"53","author":"H Akiko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Japan Society for Healthcare administration"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0238723.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.18.2788","article-title":"Temporal association between hospitalization and rate of falls after discharge","volume":"160","author":"JE Mahoney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref040","first-page":"134","article-title":"Characterization of patient falls according to the notification in adverse event reports","volume":"44","author":"MC de Paiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esc Enferm USP"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4349","article-title":"Falls among patients who had elective orthopaedic surgery: a decade of experience from a musculoskeletal specialty hospital","volume":"43","author":"LA Mandl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0238723.ref042","first-page":"214","article-title":"Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects","volume":"13","author":"CE Griffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref043","first-page":"416864","article-title":"Mechanisms Underlying Tolerance after Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use: A Future for Subtype-Selective GABAA Receptor Modulators?","volume":"2012","author":"Christiaan H. Vinkers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0238723.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20090195","article-title":"Increased risk of hospitalization related to motor vehicle accidents among people taking zolpidem: a case-crossover study","volume":"21","author":"YH Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.046","article-title":"Orexin\/hypocretin modulation of the basal forebrain cholinergic system: Role in attention","volume":"1314","author":"J Fadel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0238723.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.008","article-title":"Control of arousal by the orexin neurons","volume":"23","author":"C Alexandre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0238723.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6600","article-title":"Suvorexant-Induced Dream Enactment Behavior in Parkinson Disease: A Case Report","volume":"13","author":"H Tabata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0238723.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0957","article-title":"High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light","volume":"90","author":"C Cajochen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref049","first-page":"295","article-title":"The Role of Melatonin in Sleep Regulation","author":"Nava Zisapel","journal-title":"Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep\/Wakefulness"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0238723.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0149-3","article-title":"Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations","volume":"31","author":"S Greenland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0238723.ref051","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question. Choosing Wisely. Released December 2, 2014; #1 sources updated June 1, 2017."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0238723.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.6.892","article-title":"Hazardous benzodiazepine regimens in the elderly: effects of half-life, dosage, and duration on risk of hip fracture","volume":"158","author":"PS Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259430","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T06:59:41Z","timestamp":1696661981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238723"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Radfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238723","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259430","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]}}}