{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:59:38Z","timestamp":1774529978500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DK098135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DK098135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DK094987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DK094987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T18:00:55Z","timestamp":1600711255000},"page":"e0239300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Changing epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-4794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Esezobor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adaobi U.","family":"Solarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasheed","family":"Gbadegesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0239300.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670100021","article-title":"Time trends and ethnic patterns of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Yorkshire, UK","volume":"16","author":"PA McKinney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0239300.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00380116","article-title":"Ethnic Differences in Incidence and Outcomes of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"11","author":"TH Banh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239300.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80760-3","article-title":"The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children","volume":"98","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239300.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04120417","article-title":"Whole Exome Sequencing of Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"13","author":"JK Warejko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239300.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2304-8","article-title":"Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: new guidelines from KDIGO","volume":"28","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global O","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"pone.0239300.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.008","article-title":"Rituximab in The Management of Pediatric Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review","volume":"197","author":"M Jellouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239300.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-2097-0","article-title":"Differential risk of remission and ESRD in childhood FSGS","volume":"21","author":"DS Gipson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0239300.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0138-y","article-title":"Predictive factors of chronic kidney disease in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"MM Abrantes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239300.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v17i4.22","article-title":"Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in South African children","volume":"17","author":"YM Bakhiet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239300.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.01.019","article-title":"Nephrotic Syndrome in South African Children: Changing Perspectives in the New Millennium","volume":"4","author":"L Nandlal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239300.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01453661","article-title":"Racial differences in the incidence and renal outcome of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children","volume":"5","author":"E Ingulli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239300.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00524.x","article-title":"High incidence of initial and late steroid resistance in childhood nephrotic syndrome","volume":"68","author":"JS Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0239300.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050542","article-title":"Age and ethnicity affect the risk and outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"JM Sorof","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239300.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2017.1374002","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome in tropical Africa: then and now","volume":"37","author":"WA Olowu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"issue":"7761","key":"pone.0239300.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91373-6","article-title":"Quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome. Collaborative clinicopathological study in Nigerian children","volume":"1","author":"RG Hendrickse","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"199","key":"pone.0239300.ref016","first-page":"297","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome in Ghana: clinical and pathological aspects","volume":"50","author":"D Adu","year":"1981","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239300.ref017","first-page":"57","article-title":"The Initial Response To Corticosteroid Therapy in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome in Cote D\u2019ivoire","volume":"2","author":"PN Coulibaly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Paed Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0239300.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12647","article-title":"The challenges of caring for children with nephrotic syndrome in a tertiary institution in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"103","author":"MN Aloni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0239300.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_206_16","article-title":"Steroid response in primary childhood nephrotic syndrome in a tropical african environment","volume":"22","author":"AO Asinobi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0239300.ref020","unstructured":"CIA. The World Factbook: Nigeria https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html [cited 2020 18th June 2020]. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html."},{"key":"pone.0239300.ref021","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). Multiple IndicatorCluster Survey 2016\u201317, Survey Findings Report. Abuja, Nigeria: National Bureau of Statistics and United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. 2017. p. 1\u2013659."},{"key":"pone.0239300.ref022","first-page":"139","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney int Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239300.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.2.259","article-title":"A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in children derived from body length and plasma creatinine","volume":"58","author":"GJ Schwartz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0239300.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350640","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/350640","article-title":"High Steroid Sensitivity among Children with Nephrotic Syndrome in Southwestern Nigeria","volume":"2014","author":"TA Ladapo","year":"2014","journal-title":"International journal of nephrology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0239300.ref025","first-page":"1977","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids","volume":"98","author":"I Anochie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0239300.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1981.209","article-title":"Primary nephrotic syndrome in children: clinical significance of histopathologic variants of minimal change and of diffuse mesangial hypercellularity. A Report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children","volume":"20","year":"1981","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239300.ref027","first-page":"62","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome as seen at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"NC Okoronkwo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Paed Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239300.ref028","first-page":"137","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome in Enugu, Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"BA Okoro","year":"2000","journal-title":"West African journal of medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239300.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfy024","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome: a single-center study","volume":"11","author":"M Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0239300.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06620615","article-title":"AKI in Children Hospitalized with Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"10","author":"MN Rheault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T10:40:12Z","timestamp":1668854412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239300"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Bhimma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]}}}