{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:52:15Z","timestamp":1771267935139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REU Site OCE-1560088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REU Site OCE-1560088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T17:32:42Z","timestamp":1600968762000},"page":"e0239600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Population-level assessment of atlas occipitalization in artificially modified crania from pre-Hispanic Peru"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-0983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura N.","family":"Pott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita M.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-7568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea R.","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina B.","family":"Sholts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0239600.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1236","article-title":"Anthropological analysis of the phenomenon of atlas occipitalisation exemplified by a skull from Twardogora (17th c.)\u2014Southern Poland","volume":"22","author":"M Senator","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239600.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330670410","article-title":"Atlanto-occipital fusion and spondylolisthesis in an Anasazi skeleton from Bright Angel Ruin, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","volume":"67","author":"CF Merbs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phy Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref003","volume-title":"Developmental defects of the axial skeleton in paleopathology","author":"E Barnes","year":"1994"},{"issue":"273","key":"pone.0239600.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00085392","article-title":"Human skeletal remains from Tomb 1, Sip\u00e1n (Lambayeque River Valley, Peru); and their social implications","volume":"71","author":"JW Verano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref005","volume-title":"Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology","author":"AC Aufderheide","year":"1998"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.684","article-title":"Developmental anomalies in skeletal remains from the Great Moravia and Middle Ages cemeteries at Dev\u00edn (Slovakia)","volume":"13","author":"A Masnicov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.984","article-title":"Spinal pathological findings in ancient Egyptians of the Greco\u2010Roman period living in Bahriyah Oasis","volume":"19","author":"FH Hussien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref008","first-page":"162","article-title":"Unusual occipital condyles and craniovertebral anomalies of skulls buried in the Late Antiquity period (1st century BC\u2013 3rd century AD) in Armenia","volume":"15","author":"AY Khudaveryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239600.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2240","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas in archaeological material from the 16th\u201319th century","volume":"24","author":"Z Ba\u0161i\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2264","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas in two female skeletons from Apollonia Pontica, Bulgaria","volume":"25","author":"A Keenleyside","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref011","first-page":"46","article-title":"Un caso prehisp\u00e1nico de occipitalizaci\u00f3n del atlas: estudio antropof\u00edsico de un cr\u00e1neo humano de la cueva El Tapesco del Diablo, Chiapas [A pre-Hispanic case of atlas occipitalization: a physical anthropological study of a human skull from El Tapesco del Diablo Cave, Chiapas]","volume":"10\u201311","author":"J Monte de la Paz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diario de campo"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2016.0039","article-title":"Atlas occipitalisation associated with other anomalies in a 16th century skeleton from Sardinia (Italy)","volume":"76","author":"V Giuffra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00224-4","article-title":"Foramen magnum syndrome caused by atlanto-occipital assimilation","volume":"154","author":"A Iwata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0239600.ref014","first-page":"562","article-title":"Atlanto-occipital fusion: an osteological study with clinical implications","volume":"111","author":"NM Kassim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.69","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas: its incidence and clinical implications","volume":"42","author":"K Khamanarong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med Acad"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0239600.ref016","first-page":"AC01","article-title":"Atlantooccipital fusion: prevalence and its developmental and clinical correlation","volume":"11","author":"DK Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293884","article-title":"A genetic and anthropological study of atlanto-occipital fusion","volume":"81","author":"AK Kalla","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref018","first-page":"71","article-title":"Atlanto-occipital fusion: report of two cases","volume":"52","author":"V Jayanthi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref019","first-page":"173","article-title":"Total occipitalization of the atlas","volume":"81","author":"MA Al-Motabagani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int. 2006 Sep"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref020","first-page":"32","article-title":"Atlas assimilation: a case report","volume":"6","author":"AV Ranade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroanat"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref021","first-page":"65","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas: its occurrence and embryological basis","volume":"2","author":"V Saini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Anat Var"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0239600.ref022","first-page":"1835","article-title":"An osteological study of occipitocervical synostosis: its embryological and clinical significance","volume":"7","author":"RP Mudaliar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref023","first-page":"23","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas","volume":"70","author":"DL McRae","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Rad Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref024","first-page":"125","article-title":"Congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae and its clinical significance","volume":"52","author":"H Erdil","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198503000-00008","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death associated with atlanto-occipital fusion","volume":"6","author":"ST Vakili","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref026","first-page":"146","article-title":"Mielopat\u00eda compresiva por occipitalizaci\u00f3n del atlas [Compressive myelopathy caused by atlas occipitalization]","volume":"31","author":"A Pina Medina","year":"1996","journal-title":"Revista espa\u00f1ola de cirug\u00eda osteoarticular"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239600.ref027","first-page":"285","article-title":"The intracranial entrance of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery in crania with occipitalization of the atlas","volume":"4","author":"RS Tubbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200703000-00014","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas in children: morphologic classification, associations, and clinical relevance","volume":"89","author":"PA Gholve","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0239600.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000164","article-title":"No neurological involvement for more than 40 years in Klippel-Feil syndrome with severe hypermobility of the upper cervical spine","volume":"121","author":"H Nagashima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma SurgJan 1"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref030","first-page":"12","article-title":"The effects of cranial and caudal shift in the vertebral columns of northern populations","volume":"11","author":"CF Merbs","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arctic Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199603)6:2<189::AID-OA259>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas with reference to its embryological development","volume":"6","author":"S Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780195389807.003.0039","volume-title":"The global history of paleopathology: pioneers and prospects","author":"SE Guill\u00e9n","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref033","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of archaeological sciences","author":"V Tiesler","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1086\/338290","article-title":"Cranial vault modification and ethnicity in Middle Horizon San Pedro de Atacama, Chile","volume":"43","author":"C Torres-Rouff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1086\/695986","article-title":"Ethnogenesis and social difference in the Andean Late Intermediate Period (AD 1100\u20131450): a bioarchaeological study of cranial modification in the Colca Valley, Peru","volume":"59","author":"MC Velasco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref036","volume-title":"The juvenile skeleton","author":"L Scheuer","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330880307","article-title":"Effects of fronto-occipital artificial cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face","volume":"88","author":"JM Cheverud","year":"1992","journal-title":"Amer J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330900203","article-title":"Effects of annular cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face","volume":"90","author":"LAP Kohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Amer J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330790213","article-title":"Intentional cranial vault deformation and induced changes of the cranial base and face","volume":"79","author":"SC Anton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref040","volume-title":"Holes in the head: the art and archaeology of trepanation in Ancient Peru","author":"JW Verano","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref041","article-title":"Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains","author":"JE Buikstra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arkansas Archaeological Survey"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref042","volume-title":"Human Bone Manual","author":"TD White","year":"2005"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/14155-000","volume-title":"Anthropometry","author":"A Hrdli\u010dka","year":"1920"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1044","article-title":"A metric study of three types of artificial cranial modification from North-Central Peru","volume":"20","author":"E Pomeroy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref045","volume-title":"The bioarchaeology of artificial cranial modifications: New approaches to head shaping and its meanings in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and beyond","author":"V Tiesler","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref046","volume-title":"Osteolog\u00eda cultural: practicas cef\u00e1licas, segunda parte","author":"P. Weiss","year":"1961"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref047","first-page":"238","article-title":"La pr\u00e1ctica de la deformaci\u00f3n craneana entre los pueblos Andinos Precolombinos [The practice of cranial deformation among pre-Columbian Andean peoples]","volume":"7","author":"MJ Allison","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chungar\u00e1: Revista de Antropolog\u00eda Chilena"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(75)90048-5","article-title":"Possible evidence of a cultural practice affecting head growth in some Late Pleistocene East Asian and Australasian populations","volume":"2","author":"D Brothwell","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1834-4453.1981.tb00026.x","article-title":"Artificial cranial deformation: a component in the variation in Pleistocene Australian Aboriginal crania","volume":"16","author":"P Brown","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archaeol in OceaniaOct"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0239600.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2006.12.003","article-title":"Artificial cranial deformation in South America: a geometric morphometrics approximation","volume":"34","author":"I Ivan Perez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811432749","article-title":"In God's image? the tradition of infant head shaping","volume":"27","author":"M Obladen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10304","article-title":"Effects of different kinds of cranial deformation on the incidence of wormian bones","volume":"123","author":"VD O'Loughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21625","article-title":"Maxillary changes and occlusal traits in crania with artificial fronto\u2010occipital deformation","volume":"147","author":"P Jimenez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref054","first-page":"81","article-title":"Medical and surgical practice as represented in cultural figures from the pre-conquest Mesoamerican territories","volume":"74","author":"JT Goodrich","journal-title":"World Neurosurg. 2010 Jul"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0239600.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345640430030601","article-title":"Artificial deformation and cranio-facial asymmetry in ancient Peruvians","volume":"43","author":"A Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref056","volume-title":"Anthropological work in Peru, in 1913, with notes on the pathology of the ancient Peruvians, with twenty-six plates","author":"A Hrdli\u010dka","year":"1914"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref057","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anomal\u00edas \u00f3seas cong\u00e9nitas en una muestra contempor\u00e1nea [Congenital osseous anomalies in a contemporary sample]","volume":"20","author":"M Plischuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista ciencias morfol\u00f3gicas"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.20002","article-title":"Pediatric medicine and the genetic disorders of the Amish and Mennonite people of Pennsylvania","volume":"121C","author":"DH Morton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"28","key":"pone.0239600.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720798115","article-title":"Evolutionary genomic dynamics of Peruvians before, during, and after the Inca Empire","volume":"115","author":"DH Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0239600.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-8-109","article-title":"Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification","volume":"9","author":"K Kristiansson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref061","first-page":"266","article-title":"Diachronic investigations of mitochondrial and Y\u2010chromosomal genetic markers in Pre\u2010Columbian Andean highlanders from South Peru","volume":"75","author":"L Fehren-Schmitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0239600.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403466111","article-title":"Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru","volume":"111","author":"L Fehren-Schmitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221205","article-title":"Advances in the paleopathology of Andean South America","volume":"11","author":"JW Verano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J World Prehist"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10431","article-title":"Anemia and childhood mortality: latitudinal patterning along the coast of Pre-Columbian Peru","volume":"127","author":"DE Blom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref065","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Ancient health: skeletal indicators of agricultural and economic intensification","author":"EA Pechenkina","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4138","key":"pone.0239600.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1126\/science.184.4138.765","article-title":"Traditional maize processing techniques in the New World","volume":"184","author":"SH Katz","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref067","first-page":"125","article-title":"The paleopathology of pellagra: investigating the impact of prehistoric and historical dietary transitions to maize","volume":"84","author":"RR Paine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref068","first-page":"81","article-title":"Malanche 22: pr\u00e1cticas mortuorias complejas y modo de vida en una aldea de lomas tard\u00eda en la Costa Central del Per\u00fa [Malanche 22: complex mortuary practices and ways of life in a late-period lomas village on the Central Coast of Peru]","volume":"21","author":"E Mujica","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gaceta Arqueol\u00f3gica Andina"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1998.0319","article-title":"Diet and death in a fog oasis site in central coastal Peru: a trace element study of Tomb 1 Malanche 22","volume":"26","author":"JP Baraybar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref070","first-page":"19","article-title":"Is\u00f3topos estables, dieta y movilidad de los pobladores de un conjunto residencial en Santa Rita B, Valle de Chao, Per\u00fa [Stable isotopes, diet, and mobility of the inhabitants of a residential complex in Santa Rita B, Chao Valley, Peru]","volume":"2","author":"JD Bethard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista de Bioarqueolog\u00eda (Archaeobios)"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref071","first-page":"371","article-title":"Diet in Peru's pre-Hispanic central coast","volume":"4","author":"K Gerdau-Radoni\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Archeol Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20973","article-title":"Economic intensification and degenerative joint disease: life and labor on the postcontact north coast of Peru","volume":"139","author":"HD Klaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref073","first-page":"208","article-title":"Diseases of the spine in South American mummies","volume":"48","author":"PC Gerszten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref074","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Paleopathology at the origins of agriculture","author":"MJ Allison","year":"1984"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.6.2091","article-title":"Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in a pre-Columbian Peruvian mummy","volume":"91","author":"WL Salo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.12.006","article-title":"Advances in the molecular detection of tuberculosis in pre-contact Andean South America","volume":"29","author":"EA Nelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Paleopathol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref077","first-page":"17","article-title":"Paleopatolog\u00eda americana [Paleopathology of the Americas]","volume":"33","author":"P Weiss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn de Lima"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref078","first-page":"202","volume-title":"L'Origine de la Syphilis en Europe: Avant ou Apr\u00e8s 1493? [The origin of Syphilis in Europe: Before or After 1493?]","author":"A Zink","year":"1994"},{"issue":"7523","key":"pone.0239600.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13591","article-title":"Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis","volume":"514","author":"KI Bos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2019.1624822","article-title":"Tuberculosis and leprosy associated with historical human population movements in Europe and beyond\u2013an overview based on mycobacterial ancient DNA","volume":"46","author":"HD Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8304129","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8304129","article-title":"First paleogenetic evidence of probable syphilis and treponematoses cases in the Brazilian Colonial Period","volume":"2018","author":"L Guedes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0239600.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006447","article-title":"Historic Treponema pallidum genomes from Colonial Mexico retrieved from archaeological remains","volume":"12","author":"VJ Schuenemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0239600.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1687-9","article-title":"A morphometric study of the atlas occipitalization and coexisted congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and posterior cranial fossa with neurological importance","volume":"39","author":"K Natsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Radiol AnatJan"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150207","article-title":"Morphological status of assimilated atlas vertebra with occipital bone and its clinical significance","volume":"3","author":"K Gopal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15007","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.7","article-title":"Spina bifida","volume":"1","author":"AJ Copp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"pone.0239600.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.10.3.209","article-title":"Spina bifida and anencephalus in Greater London","volume":"10","author":"CO Carter","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239600.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01198.x","article-title":"Maternal dietary glycaemic intake during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects","volume":"25","author":"MM Yazdy","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011 Jul"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<295::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Is dietary intake of methionine associated with a reduction in risk for neural tube defect-affected pregnancies?","volume":"56","author":"GM Shaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0239600.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181ac9fe7","article-title":"Choline and risk of neural tube defects in a folate-fortified population","volume":"20","author":"GM Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239600.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151586","article-title":"Describing the prevalence of neural tube defects worldwide: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"I Zaganjor","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0239600.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.322105143","article-title":"Imaging of torticollis in children","volume":"32","author":"S Haque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiographics"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T08:19:03Z","timestamp":1668932343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239600"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Efthymia","family":"Nikita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0239600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}}}