{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:09Z","timestamp":1787022069876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-14-00218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-14-00218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-14-00218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-14-00218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The phenomenon of a massive vertebral deformity was recorded in the radiating\n                    <jats:italic>Labeobarbus<\/jats:italic>\n                    assemblage from the middle reaches of the Genale River (south-eastern Ethiopia, East Africa). Within this sympatric assemblage, five trophic morphs\u2014generalized, lipped, piscivorous and two scraping feeders\u2014were reported between 1993 and 2019. In 2009, a new morph with prevalence of ~10% was discovered. The new morph, termed \u2018short\u2019, had an abnormally shortened vertebral column and a significantly deeper body. This type of deformity is common in farmed Atlantic salmon and other artificially reared fish, but is rare in nature. In the Genale\n                    <jats:italic>Labeobarbus<\/jats:italic>\n                    assemblage, the deformity was present exclusively within the generalized and lipped morphs. The short morph had between seven and 36 deformed (compressed and\/or fused) vertebrae. Their body depth was positively correlated with number of deformed vertebrae. In another collection in 2019, the short morph was still present at a frequency of 11%. Various environmental and genetic factors could contribute to the development of this deformity in the Genale\n                    <jats:italic>Labeobarbus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but based on the available data, it is impossible to confidently identify the key factor(s). Whether the result of genetics, the environment, or both, this deep-bodied phenotype is assumed to be an anti-predator adaptation, as there is evidence of its selective advantage in the generalized morph. The Genale monstrosity is the first reported case of a massive deformity of the vertebral column in a natural population of African fishes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T14:32:50Z","timestamp":1611153170000},"page":"e0239639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Monsters with a shortened vertebral column: A population phenomenon in radiating fish Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-7527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Golubtsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai B.","family":"Korostelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-2036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boris A.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0239639.ref001","volume-title":"On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life","author":"C Darwin","year":"1860"},{"key":"pone.0239639.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119174844","volume-title":"Fishes of the world","author":"JS Nelson","year":"2016","edition":"5"},{"key":"pone.0239639.ref003","first-page":"87","article-title":"The ocean sunfishes (Family Molidae)","volume":"1","author":"A Fraser-Brunner","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Zool"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0239639.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-009-9155-9","article-title":"The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives","volume":"20","author":"EC Pope","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Fish Biol Fisher"},{"key":"pone.0239639.ref005","first-page":"249","article-title":"Abnormal fin and vertebral growth structures in plectognath fishes","volume":"122","author":"JC Tyler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia"},{"key":"pone.0239639.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10242","article-title":"Leis\u2019 conundrum: Homology of the clavus of the ocean sunfishes. 2. 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