{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T16:09:12Z","timestamp":1760890152319,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T17:25:20Z","timestamp":1602005120000},"page":"e0240017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Preservation of neurons in an AD 79 vitrified human brain"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-8171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Petrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vezzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Quaremba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-5623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Giuseppina","family":"Miano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Savino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Niola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0240017.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.029","article-title":"Preservation of cell structures in a medieval infant brain: A paleohistological, paleogenetic, radiological and physico-chemical study","volume":"50","author":"C Papageorgopoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0240017.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.11.024","article-title":"Adipocere: What is known after over two centuries of research","volume":"208","author":"DH Ubelaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"6091","key":"pone.0240017.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/323803a0","article-title":"Anatomical, cellular and molecular analysis of 8,000-yr-old human brain tissue from the Windover archaeological site","volume":"323","author":"GH Doran","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0240017.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2011.02.030","article-title":"Exceptional preservation of a prehistoric human brain from Heslington, Yorkshire, UK","volume":"38","author":"S O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240017.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.962","article-title":"Human mummified brain from a medieval tomb with lime-soil mixture barrier of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea","volume":"18","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0240017.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199504000-00017","article-title":"The Neuropathology of South American Mummies","volume":"36","author":"PC Gerszten","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240017.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/276213","article-title":"Natural Preservation of Human Brain, Warm Mineral Springs, Florida","volume":"26","author":"W Royal","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am Antiquity"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330510206","article-title":"Preserved Brains in Medieval Skulls","volume":"51","author":"I Tkocz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1909867","article-title":"Heat-induced brain vitrification from the 79 AD Vesuvius eruption","volume":"382","author":"P Petrone","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2018.03.023","article-title":"Thermal interactions of the AD 79 Vesuvius pyroclastic density currents and their deposits at Villa dei Papiri (Herculaneum archaeological site, Italy)","volume":"490","author":"G Giordano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci Letters"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.016","article-title":"79 AD Vesuvius PDC deposits' temperatures inferred from optical analysis on woods charred in-situ in the Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum (Italy)","volume":"289","author":"C Caricchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Volcanol Geoth Res"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42035-x","article-title":"Ash clouds temperature estimation. Implication on dilute and concentrated PDCs coupling and topography confinement","volume":"9","author":"A Pensa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240017.ref013","first-page":"e11127\/1","article-title":"Lethal thermal impact at the periphery of pyroclastic surges: evidences at Pompeii.","volume":"5","author":"G Mastrolorenzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Herculaneum victims of the 79 AD Vesuvius eruption: a review","volume":"97","author":"P Petrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anthropol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/35071167","article-title":"Herculaneum victims of Vesuvius in AD 79","volume":"410","author":"G Mastrolorenzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/504292","article-title":"The eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79: Reconstruction from historical and volcanological evidence","volume":"86","author":"H Sigurdsson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Archeol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240017.ref017","first-page":"332","article-title":"The eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79","volume":"1","author":"H Sigurdsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nat Geogr Res"},{"year":"1885","author":"M Ruggiero","journal-title":"Storia degli scavi di Ercolano ricomposta su\u2019 documenti superstiti","key":"pone.0240017.ref018"},{"volume-title":"L\u2019impresa archeologica di Amedeo Maiuri e l\u2019esperimento della citt\u00e0 museo","year":"2017","author":"D Camardo","key":"pone.0240017.ref019"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref020","first-page":"124","volume-title":"Storie da un\u2019eruzione. Pompei, Ercolano, Oplontis","author":"M Pagano","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref021","first-page":"3","article-title":"Human corpses as time capsules","volume":"89","author":"P Petrone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anthropol Sci"},{"issue":"9238","key":"pone.0240017.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02827-0","article-title":"Herculaneum victims of the volcanic eruptions of Vesuvius in 79 AD","volume":"356","author":"L Capasso","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"volume-title":"Giornale di scavo (Excavation Journal, February-April 1961)","year":"1961","author":"A Maiuri","key":"pone.0240017.ref023"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref024","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Roman Questions 2","author":"J Lindersky","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0240017.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0203210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203210","article-title":"A hypothesis of sudden body fluid vaporization in the 79 AD victims of Vesuvius","volume":"13","author":"P Petrone","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0240017.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508697103","article-title":"The Avellino 3780-yr-B.P. catastrophe as a worst-case scenario for a future eruption at Vesuvius","volume":"103","author":"G Mastrolorenzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2018.04.006","article-title":"The innovation of cryo-SEM freeze-fracturing methodology demonstrated on high pressure frozen biofilm","volume":"110","author":"K Hrubanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Micron"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240017.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2004.12.004","article-title":"Cryo-SEM and subsequent TEM examinations of identical neural tissue specimen","volume":"14","author":"R Nakatomi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Prot"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0240017.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-008-0500-1","article-title":"Electron microscopy of high pressure frozen samples: bridging the gap between cellular ultrastructure and atomic resolution","volume":"130","author":"D Studer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42648-2","article-title":"Automated 3D axonal morphometry of white matter","volume":"9","author":"A Abdollahzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sc. Rep"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-42","article-title":"Optimization of electron microscopy for human brains with long-term fixation and fixed-frozen sections","volume":"2","author":"XB Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Comm"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0240017.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-014-0626-2","article-title":"Distribution of axon diameters in cortical white matter: an electron-microscopic study on three human brains and a macaque","volume":"108","author":"D Liewald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199805)251:1<87::AID-AR14>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Morphological characteristics and distribution pattern of the arterial vessels in human cerebral cortex: a scanning electron microscope study","volume":"251","author":"F Reina-De La Torre","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anatom Record"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.169","article-title":"A problem of emphasizing features of a surface roughness by means the Discrete Wavelet Transform","volume":"164","author":"V Niola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Materials Process Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240017.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1109\/83.902291","article-title":"Active contours without edges","volume":"10","author":"TF Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE T Image Process"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref036","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Biochemistry of Brain","author":"RH Quarles","year":"1979"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0240017.ref037","first-page":"R937","article-title":"Myelination","volume":"26","author":"JL Salzer","journal-title":"Curr Biol. 2016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller B, Lang S, Dominietto M, Rudin M, Schulz G, Deyhle H et al. High-resolution tomographic imaging of microvessels. In Developments in X-Ray Tomography VI, Stuart R. Stock (ed), Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7078, 70780B, 2008; 0277-786X\/08\/$18 \u00b7 doi: 10.1117\/12.794157","key":"pone.0240017.ref038","DOI":"10.1117\/12.794157"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.046","article-title":"Vascular density and distribution in neocortex","volume":"197","author":"F Schmid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150339","article-title":"The physiology of the axon initial segment","volume":"35","author":"KJ Bender","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.38.1.193","article-title":"The axon hillock and the initial segment","volume":"38","author":"SL Palay","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Cell Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20060081","article-title":"Visualization of cell microtubules in their native state","volume":"99","author":"C Bouchet-Marquis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biology of the Cell"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2653","article-title":"The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project","volume":"45","author":"J Lonsdale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0240017.ref044","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Impaired development of neural-crest cell-derived organs and intellectual disability caused by MED13L haploinsufficiency","volume":"35","author":"KH Utami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240017.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-018-0541-0","article-title":"MED13L-related intellectual disability: involvement of missense variants and delineation of the phenotype","volume":"19","author":"T Smol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0240017.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.40493","article-title":"De novo variant in KIF26B is associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia with infantile spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"176","author":"MH Wojcik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240017.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E14-08-1332","article-title":"Kif26b controls endothelial cell polarity through the Dishevelled\/Daam1-dependent planar cell polarity-signaling pathway","volume":"27","author":"A Guillabert-Gourgues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0666-7","article-title":"Effects of rs3846662 Variants on HMGCR mRNA and Protein Levels and on Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology","volume":"58","author":"V Leduc","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240017.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160307","article-title":"Human ApoE \u025b2 Promotes Regulatory Mechanisms of Bioenergetic and Synaptic Function in Female Brain: A Focus on V-type H+-ATPase.","volume":"53","author":"SK Woody","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00073","article-title":"Implication of Genetic Deletion of Wdr13 in Mice: Mild Anxiety, Better Performance in Spatial Memory Task, with Upregulation of Multiple Synaptic Proteins","volume":"9","author":"S Mitra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0240017.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20608","article-title":"Ribosomal protein S17 gene (RPS17) is mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia","volume":"28","author":"R Cmejla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6823","article-title":"Evolution of hidden localized flow during glass-to-liquid transition in metallic glass","volume":"5","author":"Z Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/e20020103","article-title":"Glass Transition, Crystallization of Glass-Forming Melts, and Entropy","volume":"20","author":"JWP Schmelzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016756819001560","article-title":"Pompeian hiatuses: new stratigraphic data highlight pauses in the course of the AD 79 eruption at","volume":"157","author":"C Scarpati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pompeii. Geological Magazine."},{"key":"pone.0240017.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(80)90061-5","article-title":"Recommendations for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons","volume":"9","author":"D Ferembach","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"volume-title":"Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Research Series no. 44","year":"1994","author":"JE Buikstra","key":"pone.0240017.ref056"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2005.07.002","article-title":"Recommendations for the forensic diagnosis of sex and age from skeletons","volume":"58","author":"FW R\u00f6sing","year":"2007","journal-title":"HOMO"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240017.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680106","article-title":"Ectocranial suture closure: A revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures","volume":"68","author":"RS Meindl","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T17:25:52Z","timestamp":1602005152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240017"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"de Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]}}}