{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:12:34Z","timestamp":1790741554141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["620615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["620615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T17:37:11Z","timestamp":1601660231000},"page":"e0240154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Depletion and activation of mucosal CD4 T cells in HIV infected women with HPV-associated lesions of the cervix uteri"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0216-4717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wilbert","family":"Mbuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Mcharo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacklina","family":"Mhizde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mnkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anifrid","family":"Mahenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mwakatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Mwalongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhamo","family":"Chiwerengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00f6lscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Lennemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Saathoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"France","family":"Rwegoshora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liset","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Kroidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Geldmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mkunde","family":"Chachage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0240154.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.031","article-title":"Chapter 6: Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of genital HPV infection","volume":"24","author":"AN Burchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0240154.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1086\/429411","article-title":"Rates of HIV-1 Transmission per Coital Act, by Stage of HIV-1 Infection, in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"191","author":"MJ Wawer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.028","article-title":"International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types","volume":"476","author":"D Bzhalava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22527","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type distribution in invasive cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions: a meta-analysis update","volume":"121","author":"JS Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240154.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn036","article-title":"Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"168","author":"J Koshiol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis299","article-title":"Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Genital Infection in South African Men and Women","volume":"206","author":"ZZA Mbulawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0254-4","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in the HIV-infected host: epidemiology and pathogenesis in the antiretroviral era.","volume":"12","author":"C Brickman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240154.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/17.6.706","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections and risks of cervical cancer: what do women know?","volume":"17","author":"M Pitts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Educ Res."},{"issue":"5322","key":"pone.0240154.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.112","article-title":"Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease","volume":"277","author":"B Autran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.045","article-title":"T cell susceptibility to HIV influences outcome of opportunistic infections","volume":"155","author":"KK Saharia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0240154.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6766","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1091","article-title":"Functional attributes of mucosal immunity in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and effects of HIV infection","volume":"64","author":"A Kobayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240154.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.12.005","article-title":"Altered phenotype and function of NK cells infiltrating Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated genital warts during HIV infection.","volume":"150","author":"A Bere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12079","article-title":"HIV-associated chronic immune activation","volume":"254","author":"M Paiardini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12065","article-title":"Immune activation and HIV persistence: Implications for curative approaches to HIV infection","volume":"254","author":"NR Klatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240154.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199710010-00003","article-title":"Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression.","volume":"16","author":"Z Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirology Off Publ Int Retrovirology Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-007-0007-8","article-title":"Role of immune activation in HIV pathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"PW Hunt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0240154.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1086\/314660","article-title":"Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage","volume":"179","author":"JV Giorgi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0240154.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1038\/79549","article-title":"Increased cell division but not thymic dysfunction rapidly affects the T-cell receptor excision circle content of the naive T cell population in HIV-1 infection","volume":"6","author":"MD Hazenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1086\/421467","article-title":"Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Adolescent Girls: Risk Factors and Differences, by Phylogenetic Type","volume":"190","author":"A-B Moscicki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref020","first-page":"219","article-title":"High Risk Human Papillomavirus Persistence Among HIV-infected Young Women in South Africa","volume":"33","author":"D Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis IJID Off Publ Int Soc Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560303","article-title":"Analysis of HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes in cervical neoplasia","volume":"56","author":"N Coleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0240154.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c3ef29","article-title":"Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection is associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion.","volume":"53","author":"KT Bernstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0240154.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833a8844","article-title":"The contribution of STIs to the sexual transmission of HIV","volume":"5","author":"H Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692012","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/692012","article-title":"High-risk human papillomavirus is associated with HIV acquisition among South African female sex workers.","volume":"2011","author":"B Auvert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0240154.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328358d908","article-title":"HPV infection and increased risk of HIV acquisition. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"CF Houlihan","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Lond Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0240154.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010094","article-title":"Type-Specific Cervico-Vaginal Human Papillomavirus Infection Increases Risk of HIV Acquisition Independent of Other Sexually Transmitted Infections.","volume":"5","author":"KK Smith-McCune","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0240154.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283377973","article-title":"The association between cervical human papillomavirus infection and HIV acquisition among women in Zimbabwe","volume":"24","author":"SH Averbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Lond Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref028","first-page":"1","article-title":"HPV infection and the genital cytokine milieu in women at high risk of HIV acquisition","volume":"10","author":"LJP Liebenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref029","unstructured":"HPV infection and increased risk of HIV acquisition. A systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jul 8]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3831022\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240154.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ298","article-title":"Genital Inflammation and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women","volume":"61","author":"L Masson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition among Kenyan Men with Human Papillomavirus Infection | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jul 8]. Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/201\/11\/1677\/851424","DOI":"10.1086\/652408"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref032","unstructured":"High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Is Associated with HIV Acquisition among South African Female Sex Workers [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jul 8]. Available from: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2011\/692012\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00114-4","article-title":"Carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester labeled papillomavirus virus-like particles fluoresce after internalization and interact with heparan sulfate for binding and entry","volume":"310","author":"P Drobni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.083","article-title":"The Biology and Life-Cycle of Human Papillomaviruses","volume":"30","author":"J Doorbar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0240154.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.3390\/v7072802","article-title":"Human Papillomaviruses; Epithelial Tropisms, and the Development of Neoplasia.","volume":"7","author":"N Egawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240154.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043133","article-title":"Immunological microenvironments in the human vagina and cervix: mediators of cellular immunity are concentrated in the cervical transformation zone","volume":"73","author":"J Pudney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"pone.0240154.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e746","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03077.x","article-title":"Impact of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection and inflammation on the composition and yield of cervical mononuclear cells in the female genital tract","volume":"128","author":"NN Nkwanyana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0240154.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8529","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00183-08","article-title":"Impact of mucosal inflammation on cervical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the female genital tract during chronic HIV infection.","volume":"82","author":"PP Gumbi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240154.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001765","article-title":"HIV-positive women have higher risk of human papilloma virus infection, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer","volume":"32","author":"G Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Lond Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0240154.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20859","article-title":"Evaluation of a 12-color flow cytometry panel to study lymphocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cell subsets in humans","volume":"77","author":"P Autissier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytom Part J Int Soc Anal Cytol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref041","first-page":"148","article-title":"Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Cluster of Differentiation 45 Antigen Expression on Lymphocyte Subsets.","volume":"31","author":"M Im","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Lab Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0240154.ref042","first-page":"5074","article-title":"Impact of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 infection on mucosal homing and immune cell subsets in the blood and female genital tract","volume":"192","author":"B Shannon","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0188","article-title":"Increased Cervical CD4+CCR5+ T Cells Among Kenyan Sex Working Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate","volume":"35","author":"J Lajoie","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0240154.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6032","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101836","article-title":"Characterization of a Human Cervical CD4+ T Cell Subset Coexpressing Multiple Markers of HIV Susceptibility","volume":"187","author":"LR McKinnon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0240154.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13333","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05671-11","article-title":"CD4 T Cell Depletion at the Cervix during HIV Infection Is Associated with Accumulation of Terminally Differentiated T Cells","volume":"85","author":"PP Gumbi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.020","article-title":"Distribution and compartmentalization of human circulating and tissue-resident memory T cell subsets","volume":"38","author":"T Sathaliyawala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"pone.0240154.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19110-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death in human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS","volume":"84","author":"JB Alimonti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.3.226","article-title":"Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV)-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women.","volume":"91","author":"JM Palefsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5443","key":"pone.0240154.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5443.1353","article-title":"Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells.","volume":"286","author":"Z Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7037","key":"pone.0240154.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03501","article-title":"Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection","volume":"434","author":"JJ Mattapallil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80110-5","article-title":"Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection","volume":"86","author":"R Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0240154.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81313-6","article-title":"The \u03b2-Chemokine Receptors CCR3 and CCR5 Facilitate Infection by Primary HIV-1 Isolates.","volume":"85","author":"H Choe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1566","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells","volume":"9","author":"J Arthos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0240154.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001301","article-title":"The Genotype of Early-Transmitting HIV gp120s Promotes \u03b14\u03b27 \u2013Reactivity, Revealing \u03b14\u03b27+\/CD4+ T cells As Key Targets in Mucosal Transmission.","volume":"7","author":"F Nawaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0240154.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.28","article-title":"Identification of preferential CD4+ T-cell targets for HIV infection in the cervix.","volume":"9","author":"VR Joag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref056","volume-title":"Preferential infection of a4b7+ CD4+ T cells in early acute HIV-1 infection","author":"L McKinnon","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0240154.ref057","first-page":"6117","article-title":"Low-level CD4+ T cell activation is associated with low susceptibility to HIV-1 infection","volume":"175","author":"FA Koning","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md 1950."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0240154.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007623","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007623","article-title":"Wuchereria bancrofti infection is linked to systemic activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells.","volume":"13","author":"I Kroidl","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pone.0240154.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-35","article-title":"Reduced CD4 T cell activation and in vitro susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in exposed uninfected Central Africans.","volume":"3","author":"E B\u00e9gaud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"425","key":"pone.0240154.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaam6354","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam6354","article-title":"Integrin \u03b14\u03b27 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes.","volume":"10","author":"A Sivro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0240154.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041196","article-title":"Primary HIV-1 Infection Is Associated with Preferential Depletion of CD4+ T Lymphocytes from Effector Sites in the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"200","author":"S Mehandru","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"7109","key":"pone.0240154.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05115","article-title":"PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression","volume":"443","author":"CL Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0240154.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1482","article-title":"Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"L Trautmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0240154.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb07015.x","article-title":"Selective increase of activation antigens HLA-DR and CD38 on CD4+ CD45RO+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection","volume":"95","author":"L Kestens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0240154.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1128612","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1128612","article-title":"High-risk oncogenic HPV genotype infection associates with increased immune activation and T cell exhaustion in ART-suppressed HIV-1-infected women.","volume":"5","author":"E Papasavvas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0240154.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir591","article-title":"Immune Activation in the Female Genital Tract During HIV Infection Predicts Mucosal CD4 Depletion and HIV Shedding","volume":"204","author":"HB Jaspan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T23:12:42Z","timestamp":1696806762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240154"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Apetrei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]}}}