{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:27:26Z","timestamp":1790710046532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Salmonellosis and listeriosis together accounted for more than one third of foodborne illnesses in the United States and almost half the hospitalizations for gastrointestinal diseases in 2018 while tuberculosis afflicted over 10 million people worldwide causing almost 2 million deaths. Regardless of the intrinsic virulence differences among\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , these intracellular pathogens share the ability to survive and persist inside the macrophage and other cells and thrive in iron rich environments. Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) is a central cytokine in host defense against intracellular pathogens and has been shown to promote iron export in macrophages. We hypothesize that IFN-\u03b3 decreases iron availability to intracellular pathogens consequently limiting replication in these cells. In this study, we show that IFN-\u03b3 regulates the expression of iron-related proteins hepcidin, ferroportin, and ferritin to induce iron export from macrophages.\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections significantly induce iron sequestration in human macrophages. In contrast, IFN-\u03b3 significantly reduces hepcidin secretion in\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected macrophages. Similarly, IFN-\u03b3-activated macrophages express higher ferroportin levels than untreated controls even after infection with\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacilli; bacterial infection greatly down-regulates ferroportin expression. Collectively, IFN-\u03b3 significantly inhibits pathogen-associated intracellular iron sequestration in macrophages and consequently retards the growth of intracellular bacterial pathogens by decreasing iron availability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T16:18:00Z","timestamp":1607444280000},"page":"e0240949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Interferon-gamma promotes iron export in human macrophages to limit intracellular bacterial replication"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Essler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-0184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frederick","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0240949.ref001","unstructured":"CDC. 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