{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:56:09Z","timestamp":1789545369824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013227","name":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW108-HPA-H-114-134703 and MOHW109-HPA-H-114-144702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW108-HPA-H-114-134703 and MOHW109-HPA-H-114-144702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-038-072-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-038-072-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T18:30:17Z","timestamp":1604514617000},"page":"e0241121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Body composition patterns among normal glycemic, pre-diabetic, diabetic health Chinese adults in community: NAHSIT 2013\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Chi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Harn","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-1088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chyi-Huey","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0241121.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676379","article-title":"International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries","volume":"116","author":"B Balkau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0241121.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000075294.98582.2F","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and risk of ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"34","author":"SH Suk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"8738","key":"pone.0241121.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91164-P","article-title":"Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians","volume":"337","author":"PM McKeigue","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.2.273","article-title":"Insulin resistance in aging is related to abdominal obesity","volume":"42","author":"WM Kohrt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241121.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01805.x","article-title":"How strong is the association between abdominal obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes?","volume":"62","author":"N Freemantle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169577","article-title":"Morbid obesity in Taiwan: Prevalence, trends, associated social demographics, and lifestyle factors","volume":"12","author":"HC Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0241121.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00434.x","article-title":"Obesity pandemic, correlated factors and guidelines to define, screen and manage obesity in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"WH Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"9548","key":"pone.0241121.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69703-1","article-title":"Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia","volume":"368","author":"KH Yoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref009","first-page":"371","article-title":"Increased coffee, tea, or other sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescents is associated with less satisfactory dietary quality, body fatness and serum uric acid profiles over the past 18 years in Taiwan","volume":"28","author":"YH Shih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref010","first-page":"238","article-title":"Diet and health trends in Taiwan: comparison of two nutrition and health surveys from 1993\u20131996 and 2005\u20132008","volume":"20","author":"WH Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241121.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14972","article-title":"Dietary Pattern Associated with Frailty: Results from Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan","volume":"65","author":"YL Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.09.032","article-title":"Gender differences in trends in diabetes prevalence from 1993 to 2008 in Taiwan","volume":"90","author":"HY Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241121.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422412000054","article-title":"Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects","volume":"25","author":"EL Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00031.x","article-title":"Beyond body mass index","volume":"2","author":"AM Prentice","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241121.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.17","article-title":"Misclassification of cardiometabolic health when using body mass index categories in NHANES 2005\u20132012","volume":"40","author":"AJ Tomiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802567","article-title":"Independent and opposite associations of waist and hip circumferences with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia: the AusDiab Study","volume":"28","author":"MB Snijder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241121.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1192","article-title":"Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study","volume":"77","author":"MB Snijder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.2.623","article-title":"In vivo validation of whole body composition estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"83","author":"BM Prior","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref019","first-page":"225","article-title":"Design and sample characteristics of the 2005\u20132008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"SH Tu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241121.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.017","article-title":"Dietary Patterns and Foods Associated With Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Older Adults: The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies","volume":"20","author":"SY Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0241121.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"AD Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241121.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000308","article-title":"Evaluating dietary patterns: the role of reduced rank regression","volume":"19","author":"C Weikert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0241121.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh134","article-title":"Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"159","author":"K Hoffmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0241121.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1020-8","article-title":"Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference, a novel and effective predictor of diabetes in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients: cross-sectional and prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"S Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0212963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212963","article-title":"Comparison of triglyceride glucose index, and related parameters to predict insulin resistance in Korean adults: An analysis of the 2007\u20132010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"14","author":"J Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149731","article-title":"Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index Is a Simple and Clinically Useful Surrogate Marker for Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Individuals","volume":"11","author":"LK Er","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0241121.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3142w","article-title":"Body Composition Is Altered in Pre-Diabetic Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose Tolerance: Results From the NHANES Survey","volume":"9","author":"V Julian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241121.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21168-5","article-title":"Association of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"K Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241121.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0435","article-title":"Relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and prediabetes. Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"96","author":"P Srikanthan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.185","article-title":"Biology of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue\u2014link to whole-body phenotypes","volume":"11","author":"F Karpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241121.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0181","article-title":"Independent and opposite associations of trunk and leg fat depots with adipokines, inflammatory markers, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women","volume":"95","author":"H Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.372","article-title":"Trunk fat and leg fat have independent and opposite associations with fasting and postload glucose levels: the Hoorn study","volume":"27","author":"MB Snijder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-017-0077-7","article-title":"Body composition and development of diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study in a Japanese population","volume":"72","author":"Y Tatsukawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0241121.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03118.x","article-title":"The effect of diabetes mellitus on age-associated lean mass loss in 3153 older adults","volume":"27","author":"JS Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0241121.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0385","article-title":"Distinct developmental profile of lower-body adipose tissue defines resistance against obesity-associated metabolic complications","volume":"63","author":"KE Pinnick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0241121.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12189","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass in older adults","volume":"14","author":"KS Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241121.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12268","article-title":"Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard","volume":"9","author":"F Buckinx","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241121.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2018.1438879","article-title":"Quantification of trunk and android lean mass using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry compared to magnetic resonance imaging after spinal cord injury","volume":"42","author":"KC Rankin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0241121.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140256","article-title":"Dynapenic Obesity and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men","volume":"25","author":"R Kawakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241121.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(97)00104-6","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Aborigines and Chinese in eastern Taiwan","volume":"38","author":"HD Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T18:30:54Z","timestamp":1604514654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241121"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]}}}