{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:54:00Z","timestamp":1791600840965,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T18:37:14Z","timestamp":1604428634000},"page":"e0241145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of knowledge, practice, and status of food handlers toward Salmonella, Shigella, and intestinal parasites: A cross-sectional study in Tigrai prison centers, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4467-6278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fitsum","family":"Mardu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadush","family":"Negash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haftom","family":"Legese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brhane","family":"Berhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Tesfay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5517-0814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hagos","family":"Haileslasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brhane","family":"Tesfanchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebremedhin","family":"Gebremichail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew","family":"Belay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haftay","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0241145.ref001","unstructured":"World health organization (WHO). Food safety- key facts. 2019. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/food-safety. Accessed May 07, 2019"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref002","unstructured":"World health organization. WHO\u2019s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths. 2015; Geneva. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/03-12-2015-who-s-first-ever-global-estimates-of-foodborne-diseases-find-children-under-5-account-for-almost-one-third-of-deaths. Accessed May 07, 2019"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref003","unstructured":"The World Bank. Food-borne illnesses cost US$ 110 billion per year in low- and middle-income countries. October 23, 2018, Washington, DC"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref004","unstructured":"WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007\u20132015. World Health Organization, 2015. ISBN 978 92 4 156516 5"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref005","unstructured":"World health rankings. Leading cause of death in Ethiopia; Diarrheal diseases. https:\/\/www.worldlifeexpectancy.com\/ethiopia-diarrhoeal-diseases. Accessed 8 April 2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241145.ref006","first-page":"260","article-title":"The Ethiopian perception on food safety system","volume":"2","author":"T Kalkidan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref007","unstructured":"Research program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. New $6 Million Donor Investment to Tackle Causes of Foodborne Disease in Ethiopia. 25 February 2019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. http:\/\/a4nh.cgiar.org\/2019\/02\/25\/new-6-million-donor-investment-to-tackle-causes-of-foodborne-disease-in-ethiopia\/. Accessed 06 April 2019"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3189-9","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella species among asymptomatic food handlers working in Haramaya University cafeterias, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"D Marami","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241145.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.02.002","article-title":"Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia","volume":"35","author":"J Dekker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Transmission of Parasitic Diseases: Food. Last reviewed in February 2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/food.html. Accessed 29 August 2019."},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref011","first-page":"652","article-title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Food-handlers in Shiraz","volume":"10","author":"H Motazedian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4831-5","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among food handlers of food and drinking establishments in Aksum Town, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"D Gezehegn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.08.008","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers in catering establishments at Debre Markos University, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"75","author":"A Mengist","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref014","unstructured":"World health organization (WHO). 10 facts on food safety. https:\/\/www.who.int\/features\/factfiles\/food_safety\/en\/#. Updated October 2016; Accessed 05 April 2019"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2101089","article-title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Food Handlers at Prison, East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia","volume":"2019","author":"A Asires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref016","unstructured":"Mibraqawi Zone (Wikipedia). https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mibraqawi_Zone. Accessed 18 August 2019."},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3986-9","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of institutional food-handlers in Ghana","volume":"17","author":"F Akabanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref018","unstructured":"Centers for Diseases control and Prevention (CDC). DPD\u2013Laboratory identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/diagnosticprocedures\/stool\/specimenproc.html. Accessed May, 28, 2020"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref019","unstructured":"World health organization. WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (formerly WHO Global Salm-Surv): \"A WHO network building capacity to detect, control and prevent foodborne and other enteric infections from farm to table\u201d, WHO GFN Laboratory Protocol: \u201cBiochemical Identification of Salmonella and Shigella, Using an Abbreviated Panel of Tests\u201d\u2013version 002; October 2015"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref020","unstructured":"CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 26th ed. CLSI supplement M100S. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2016; 36:1. ISSN 2162-2914"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pan drug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"A. Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S186723","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites and its risk factors among food handlers in food services in Nekemte town, west Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"L Eshetu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241145.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000200004","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers in Western Iran","volume":"56","author":"F Kheirandish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4182-7","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among asymptomatic food handlers in Wollo University student\u2019s cafeteria, Northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"E Kebede","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2790-x","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers of Southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"M Mama","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.04.004","article-title":"Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay techniques for diagnosis of the most common intestinal protozoa in fecal samples","volume":"15","author":"Maha R Gaafar","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.036","article-title":"The global war against intestinal parasites- should we use a holistic approach?","volume":"14","author":"A Alum","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0566-7","article-title":"Prevalence of enteric bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among food handlers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"M Getie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241145.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2013.06.001","article-title":"Microbiological and parasitological investigation among food handlers in Hotels in the Dead Sea area, Jordan","volume":"47","author":"M Abdel-Dayem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241145.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.03.006","article-title":"Bacterial assessment of food handlers in Sari city, Mazandaran Province, north of Iran","volume":"10","author":"M Nasrolahei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Infection and Public health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_452_18","article-title":"Implementing a skill development program among food handlers in tertiary care hospital to improve their personal hygiene: A pilot study","volume":"8","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Health Promotion"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2035-8","article-title":"Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella and Salmonella among food handlers in Arba Minch University, South Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"M Mama","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241145.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a770","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v7i2.770","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Ethiopia: Implementation experiences and lessons learned","volume":"7","author":"RA Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref034","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the African region: Issues, challenges and actions proposed","volume":"16","author":"JN Bosco","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Health Monitor"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-571","article-title":"Factors affecting food handling Practices among food handlers of Dangila town food and drink establishments, North West Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"AG Tessema","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4047-0","article-title":"Food handling practice and associated factors among food handlers in public food establishments, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"FA Chekol","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2013.43033","article-title":"Food Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Food Handlers in the Military Hospitals","volume":"4","author":"L Sharif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0241145.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20164307","article-title":"Knowledge and practices of food hygiene among food handlers in plantation sector, Sri Lanka","volume":"2","author":"LS Galgamuwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20151572","article-title":"Knowledge and food hygiene practices among food handlers in food establishments","volume":"3","author":"SR Kubde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0241145.ref040","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Safe food handling: a training guide for managers in food service establishments. Geneva: WHO; 1989. https:\/\/www.who.int\/foodsafety\/publications\/safe-food-handing\/en\/. Accessed 04 September 2019"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T18:37:41Z","timestamp":1604428661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241145"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Iddya","family":"Karunasagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]}}}