{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:58:37Z","timestamp":1791849517888,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the factors associated with disease severity and mortality in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is imperative to effectively triage patients. We performed a systematic review to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase and WHO database for English language articles from inception until May 8, 2020. We included Observational studies with direct comparison of clinical characteristics between a) patients who died and those who survived or b) patients with severe disease and those without severe disease. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two authors independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 15680 articles from the literature search, 109 articles were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality was higher in patients with increasing age, male gender (RR 1.45, 95%CI 1.23\u20131.71), dyspnea (RR 2.55, 95%CI 1.88\u20132.46), diabetes (RR 1.59, 95%CI 1.41\u20131.78), hypertension (RR 1.90, 95%CI 1.69\u20132.15). Congestive heart failure (OR 4.76, 95%CI 1.34\u201316.97), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 8.34, 95%CI 2.57\u201327.08), bilateral lung involvement (OR 4.86, 95%CI 3.19\u20137.39) and reticular pattern (OR 5.54, 95%CI 1.24\u201324.67) were associated with severe disease. Clinically relevant cut-offs for leukocytosis(&gt;10.0 x10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L), lymphopenia(&lt; 1.1 x10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L), elevated C-reactive protein(&gt;100mg\/L), LDH(&gt;250U\/L) and D-dimer(&gt;1mg\/L) had higher odds of severe disease and greater risk of mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge of the factors associated of disease severity and mortality identified in our study may assist in clinical decision-making and critical-care resource allocation for patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T13:38:06Z","timestamp":1605706686000},"page":"e0241541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Factors associated with disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4240-1027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vignesh","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyan Lynn","family":"Tun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas Z.","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-5162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie Gilbert","family":"Majella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjith Kumar","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amudha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Ting-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izza A.","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsha A.","family":"Nur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Ayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuella L.","family":"Salia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Zil-E-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayu P. B.","family":"Sarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavna","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzzammil","family":"Ahmadzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman F.","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranita","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang-Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Miao","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M. H.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-4366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8341-860X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheriza","family":"Baksh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros C.","family":"Karakousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagis","family":"Galiatsatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0241541.ref001","unstructured":"WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19\u201311 March 2020 [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 23]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref002","unstructured":"WHO Timeline\u2014COVID-19 [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 23]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0241541.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4031","article-title":"Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0241541.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref005","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0241541.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2627-8","article-title":"The variability of critical care bed numbers in Europe","volume":"38","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref007","unstructured":"Maves RC, Downar J, Dichter JR, Hick JL, Devereaux A, Geiling JA, et al. Triage of Scarce Critical Care Resources in COVID-19 An Implementation Guide for Regional Allocation: An Expert Panel Report of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care and the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 2020 Apr 11;"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0241541.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200208000-00005","article-title":"Comparison of multiple organ dysfunction scores in the prediction of hospital mortality in the critically ill","volume":"30","author":"V Pettil\u00e4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref010","article-title":"Waste in covid-19 research","volume":"369","author":"PP Glasziou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1_Part_1","key":"pone.0241541.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00006","article-title":"Distinguishing Case Series From Cohort Studies","volume":"156","author":"OM Dekkers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0241541.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"200","author":"JP Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"0","key":"pone.0241541.ref013","first-page":"E001","article-title":"Interpretation of \u201cGuidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)\u201d","volume":"100","author":"L Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref014","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. Available at www.covidence.org."},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref015","unstructured":"Qualtrics (2020) Qualtrics.com. Available at: http:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/ (accessed 24 march 2020)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","article-title":"Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample","volume":"5","author":"SP Hozo","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref017","unstructured":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 26]. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref018","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 16","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref019","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref020","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study","volume":"m1091","author":"T Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref022","article-title":"Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China","author":"Q Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref023","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241541.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2176-2","article-title":"Clinical and Transmission Characteristics of Covid-19\u2014A Retrospective Study of 25 Cases from a Single Thoracic Surgery Department","volume":"40","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Medical Science"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref025","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study","volume":"1","author":"Y Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref026","article-title":"Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"10","author":"M Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"10229","key":"pone.0241541.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref028","article-title":"Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of 102 Patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China","author":"J Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241541.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000524","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00524-2020","article-title":"Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study","volume":"55","author":"R-H Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref030","article-title":"Clinicolaboratory study of 25 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan","author":"W-J Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.019","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: Characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up","volume":"80","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref032","article-title":"Clinical Course and Outcomes of 344 Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref033","article-title":"Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: a multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak","author":"M Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105981","article-title":"Correlation analysis of the severity and clinical prognosis of 32 cases of patients with COVID-19","volume":"167","author":"M Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref035","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish Intensive Care Units: Early experience with 15-day survival in Vitoria","author":"H Barrasa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref036","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective Study","author":"T Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref037","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients With Kidney Disease","author":"H Trujillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney International Reports"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref038","article-title":"Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19","author":"GJ Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref039","article-title":"Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients","author":"Q Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polish Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref040","volume":"6","author":"F Wei","journal-title":"Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with covid-19 and impairs their prognosis."},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref041","article-title":"Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort","author":"J Tomlins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref042","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref043","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of essential organ-based comorbidities in the prognosis of COVID-19 infection patients","author":"R Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref044","article-title":"Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area","author":"S Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0241541.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6918e1","article-title":"Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19\u2014Georgia, March 2020","volume":"69","author":"JAW Gold","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref046","article-title":"Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"L Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref047","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Patients with Pre-Existing Liver Disease in United States: A Multi-Center Research Network Study","author":"S Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref048","article-title":"Characteristics, treatment, outcomes and cause of death of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS in Milan, Italy","volume":"12","author":"A Zangrillo","journal-title":"Critical Care and Resuscitation."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001343","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Y Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref050","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref051","article-title":"15-day mortality and associated risk factors for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: an ambispective observational cohort study","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14859","article-title":"D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19","volume":"18","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02895-6","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China","volume":"24","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1754383","article-title":"Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref055","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref056","article-title":"Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China","author":"J Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104378","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in IRAN: A single center study","volume":"127","author":"M Nikpouraghdam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.012","article-title":"Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China","volume":"26","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref059","article-title":"Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System","author":"V Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref060","volume":"1","author":"X Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref061","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","author":"W Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref062","article-title":"Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2","author":"Y-H Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.018","article-title":"Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing","volume":"80","author":"S Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000672","article-title":"The Clinical and Chest CT Features Associated With Severe and Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia","volume":"55","author":"K Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investigative Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref065","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study","author":"W Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"0","key":"pone.0241541.ref066","article-title":"Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"0","author":"H Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref067","article-title":"Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series","author":"G-Q Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref068","article-title":"Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with Corona Virus Disease-19","author":"R Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref069","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Laboratory Data Determinations for Patients with the Severe COVID-19","author":"Y Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108941","article-title":"CT manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019: A retrospective analysis of 73 cases by disease severity","volume":"126","author":"K-C Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref071","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing","author":"S Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref072","article-title":"Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan","volume":"24","author":"Y Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref073","article-title":"CT image visual quantitative evaluation and clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)","author":"K Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref074","article-title":"Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China","author":"C Qin","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241541.ref075","first-page":"e200075","article-title":"Serial Quantitative Chest CT Assessment of COVID-19: Deep-Learning Approach","volume":"2","author":"L Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref076","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China","author":"J-J Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241541.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"130","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref078","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 54 medical staff with COVID-19: A retrospective study in a single center in Wuhan, China","author":"J Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01342-0","article-title":"The correlation between viral clearance and biochemical outcomes of 94 COVID-19 infected discharged patients","volume":"69","author":"J Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241541.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000507471","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China","volume":"51","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Nephrology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25809","article-title":"Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China","author":"H Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref082","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study","author":"H Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref083","article-title":"COVID-19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China","author":"Q Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref084","article-title":"Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref085","article-title":"C-reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID-19 early","author":"C Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref086","article-title":"Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref087","volume":"7","author":"F Zheng","journal-title":"Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha."},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref088","article-title":"Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China","author":"Q Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241541.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.035","article-title":"Serum Amyloid A is a biomarker of severe Coronavirus Disease and poor prognosis","volume":"80","author":"H Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref090","article-title":"Analysis of coagulation parameters in patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China","author":"Y Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioScience Trends"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.04.011","article-title":"Association of viral load with serum biomakers among COVID-19 cases","volume":"546","author":"F Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241541.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa153","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein Level May Predict the Risk of COVID-19 Aggravation","volume":"7","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref093","article-title":"Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China","volume":"148","author":"M Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref094","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China","author":"L Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref095","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19","author":"F Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref096","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: A single center\u2019s retrospective study","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref097","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China","author":"Q Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0241541.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000460","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020","volume":"25","author":"M Colaneri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref099","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"X-Y Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref100","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref101","article-title":"Clinical Features of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a Designated Hospital in Beijing, China","author":"L Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.041","article-title":"Clinical value of immune-inflammatory parameters to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"95","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref103","article-title":"Correlation Between Relative Nasopharyngeal Virus RNA Load and Lymphocyte Count Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viral Immunology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref104","article-title":"COVID-19 with Different Severity: A Multi-center Study of Clinical Features","author":"Y Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref105","article-title":"CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city","author":"R Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref106","article-title":"Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref107","article-title":"Elevations of serum cancer biomarkers correlate with severity of COVID-19","author":"X Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104821","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis of COVID-19 in the surrounding areas of Wuhan, Hubei Province in 2020","volume":"157","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.070","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China","volume":"95","author":"R Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0241541.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7639","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103101","article-title":"Immune environment modulation in pneumonia patients caused by coronavirus: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"Z Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref111","article-title":"Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China","author":"F Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref112","article-title":"New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study","author":"L Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.027","article-title":"Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref114","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count","author":"X Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104370","article-title":"Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"F Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref116","article-title":"Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia","author":"G Pei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref117","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes in 323 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China","author":"L Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref118","article-title":"Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref119","article-title":"Risk factors for severe COVID-19: Evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui","author":"Y-Y Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. Journal of Infection"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref120","article-title":"Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"0","key":"pone.0241541.ref121","article-title":"The hemocyte counts as a potential biomarker for predicting disease progression in COVID-19: a retrospective study","volume":"0","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0241541.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137799","article-title":"The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness","volume":"5","author":"F Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref123","article-title":"The performance of chest CT in evaluating the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia: identifying critical cases based on CT characteristics","volume":"1","author":"P Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investigative Radiology"},{"issue":"0","key":"pone.0241541.ref124","article-title":"The value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"0","author":"R Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13450","article-title":"Using IL-2R\/lymphocytes for predicting the clinical progression of patients with COVID-19","author":"H Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref126","article-title":"Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study","volume":"m1443","author":"S Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.018","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia\u2014A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"14","author":"I Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0241541.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949","article-title":"Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19\u2013systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"29","author":"R Pranata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.08.003","article-title":"Relationship between pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases: A retrospective cohort study of the general population","volume":"59","author":"J-J Yeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref130","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"964","key":"pone.0241541.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.037515","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"82","author":"C-M Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0241541.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x","article-title":"SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS","volume":"39","author":"GY Oudit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref133","article-title":"Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"T Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241541.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098020","article-title":"High Producer Haplotype (CAG) of -863C\/A, -308G\/A and -238G\/A Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of TNF-\u03b1 Gene Associate with Enhanced Apoptosis of Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Individuals from North India","volume":"9","author":"S Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0241541.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4288","article-title":"IL-19 induces production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha and results in cell apoptosis through TNF-alpha","volume":"169","author":"Y-C Liao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.4.2154","article-title":"Increased TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes from aged humans: changes in TNF-alpha receptor expression and activation of caspases","volume":"162","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241541.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1086\/421997","article-title":"Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"L Simon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2016.11.007","article-title":"Coagulation and sepsis","volume":"149","author":"M Levi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref139","article-title":"Acute fibrinolysis shutdown occurs early in septic shock and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality: results of an observational pilot study","volume":"9","author":"FCF Schmitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.07.013","article-title":"The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia","volume":"181","author":"N Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref141","article-title":"Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Angiography","volume":"201544","author":"F Grillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077","article-title":"COVID-19 presenting as stroke","author":"A Avula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200463","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200463","article-title":"Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection","author":"A Bernheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241541.ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.10.003","article-title":"Influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia: High-resolution computed tomography\u2013pathologic correlation","volume":"80","author":"E Marchiori","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref145","article-title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Radiographic Review of 40 Probable Cases in Toronto, Canada1","author":"L Grinblat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241541.ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093885","article-title":"Association of Radiologic Findings with Mortality in Patients with Avian Influenza H7N9 Pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"F Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref147","first-page":"200274","article-title":"Emerging Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Pneumonia","author":"F Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241541.ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-0233-6","article-title":"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)","volume":"7","author":"Y-H Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Military Medical Research"},{"key":"pone.0241541.ref149","article-title":"The Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Directly Decimates Human Spleens and Lymph Nodes","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:50:01Z","timestamp":1697115001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Girish Chandra","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.08.07.20166868","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]}}}