{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:15:22Z","timestamp":1785521722212,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ultrasound-guided internal branch of the upper laryngeal nerve block (USG-guided iSLN block) have been used to decrease the perioperative stress response of intubation. It is more likely to be successful than blindly administered superior laryngeal nerve blocks with fewer complications. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of USG-guided iSLN block to treat postoperative sore throat (postoperative sore throat, POST) after extubation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>100 patients, aged from 18 to 60 years old, ASA I~II who underwent general anesthesia and suffered from the moderate to severe postoperative sore throat after extubation were randomized into two groups(50 cases per group). Patients in group S received USG-guided iSLN block bilaterally (60mg of 2% lidocaine, 1.5ml each side), whereas those in group I received inhalation with 100 mg of 2% lidocaine and 1mg of budesonide suspension diluted with normal saline (oxygen flow 8 L \/min, inhalation for 15 minutes). The primary outcome were VAS scores in both groups before treatment (T0), 10 min (T1), 30 min(T2), 1h(T3), 2 h(T4), 4h(T5), 8h(T6), 24h(T7), and 48h(T8) after treatment. The secondary outcome were satisfaction scores after treatment, MAP, HR, and SPO2 fromT0 to T8. The adverse reactions such as postoperative chocking or aspiration, cough, hoarseness, dyspnea were also observed in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients in group S had significantly lower VAS score than that in group I at points of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ~ T<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> (P &lt; 0.01). HR of group S was lower than that of group I at points of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ~ T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and T4 (P &lt; 0.05), and MAP was lower than that of group I at points of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ~ T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (P &lt; 0.05). Satisfaction scores of group S were higher than that of group I (P &lt;0.05), In group S, 2 case (4%) needed to intravenous Flurbiprofen Injection 50 mg to relieve pain; in group I, 13 cases (26%) received Flurbiprofen Injection. 2 case of group S appeared throat numbness after treatment for 3 hours; 2 patients have difficult in expectoration after treatment recovered after 3hour. No serious adverse events were observed in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with inhalation, USG-guided iSLN block may effectively relieve the postoperative sore throat after extubation under general anesthesia and provided an ideal treatment for POST in clinical work.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T19:06:45Z","timestamp":1605899205000},"page":"e0241834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Ultrasound-guided internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve block on postoperative sore throat: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4217-3797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Zhipeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Meiyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Meirong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Qunmeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhenhua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Yuezhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4276-8291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhang","family":"Jinfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Chuiliang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241834.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13438","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"K El-Boghdadly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241834.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516687227","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of postoperative sore throat after endotracheal intubation in Korean patients","volume":"45","author":"Y Lee J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241834.ref003","first-page":"188","article-title":"Novel preoperative pharmacologic methods of preventing postoperative sore throat due to tracheal intubation","volume":"82","author":"M Kalil D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aana Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241834.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000194509.03916.02","article-title":"Gabriele Noeldge-Schomburg, et al. Rocuronium is not associated with more vocal cord injuries than succinylcholine after rapid-sequence induction: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Thomas Mencke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0241834.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000231637.28427.00","article-title":"An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study","volume":"103","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241834.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2015.01.006","article-title":"Superior laryngeal nerve block as an adjuvant to General Anesthesia during endoscopic laryngeal surgeries: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"201531","author":"A Ahmed","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0241834.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_74_17","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound and anatomical landmark-guided technique for superior laryngeal nerve block to aid awake fibre-optic intubation: A prospective randomised clinical study","volume":"61","author":"U Ambi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241834.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-012-1492-5","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block and translaryngeal;block for awake tracheal intubation in a patient with laryngeal abscess","volume":"27","author":"T Iida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0241834.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000136","article-title":"Sonographically guided superior laryngeal nerve block during awake fiberoptic intubation","volume":"4","author":"A Sawka","year":"2015","journal-title":"A A Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0241834.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_382_17","article-title":"Effect of inhaled budesonide suspension, administered using a metered dose inhaler, on post-operative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and cough","volume":"62","author":"S Rajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241834.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3126\/jnhrc.v15i3.18856","article-title":"Evaluation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Postoperative Sore Throat","volume":"15","author":"G Lakhe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0241834.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.181427","article-title":"Comparison of Usefulness of Ketamine and Magnesium Sulfate Nebulizations for Attenuating Postoperative Sore Throat, Hoarseness of Voice, and Cough[J]","volume":"11","author":"S Rajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesia Essays & Researches"},{"key":"pone.0241834.ref013","first-page":"40","article-title":"Ultrasound guided superior laryngeal nerve block as an adjuvant to generalanesthesia during endoscopic laryngeal surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial","author":"R Ramkumar","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241834.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1003800523","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block to aid awake endotracheal intubation in a patient with cervical spine disease for emergency surgery","volume":"38","author":"S Manikandan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0241834.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318265f75d","article-title":"A method for ultrasonographic visualization and injection of the superior laryngeal nerve: volunteer study and cadaver simulation","volume":"115","author":"B Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0241834.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.07.016","article-title":"The thyrohyoid membrane as a target for ultrasonography-guided block of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve","volume":"27","author":"T Stopar-Pintaric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241834.ref017","first-page":"503","article-title":"Sawka. Failure to visualise the superior laryngeal nerve using ultrasound imaging","volume":"39","author":"V Vaghadia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesthesia & Intensive Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0241834.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2010.07.012","article-title":"Tsui. 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Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks in children","volume":"11","author":"C Simion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0241834.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.187859","article-title":"Doris K Cope, John P Williams. Three Cases of Idiopathic Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia Treated by Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance","volume":"129","author":"P Wu J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241834","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T19:07:01Z","timestamp":1605899221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241834"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ehab","family":"Farag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241834","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]}}}