{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:49:13Z","timestamp":1791265753795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR18-13MM-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR18-13MM-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a severe incurable neurological disorder. It is mostly characterized by non-motor symptoms like fatigue, dementia, anxiety, speech and communication problems, depression, and so on. Electroencephalography (EEG) play a key role in the detection of the true emotional state of a person. Various studies have been proposed for the detection of emotional impairment in PD using filtering, Fourier transforms, wavelet transforms, and non-linear methods. However, these methods require a selection of basis and are confined in terms of accuracy. In this paper, tunable Q wavelet transform (TQWT) is proposed for the classification of emotions in PD and normal controls (NC). EEG signals of six emotional states namely happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust are studied. Power, entropy, and statistical moments based features are elicited from the highpass and lowpass sub-bands of TQWT. Six features selected by statistical analysis are classified with a k-nearest neighbor, probabilistic neural network, random forest, decision tree, and extreme learning machine. Three performance measures are obtained, maximum mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 96.16%, 97.59%, and 88.51% for NC and 93.88%, 96.33%, and 81.67% for PD are achieved with a probabilistic neural network. The proposed method proved to be very effective such that it classifies emotions in PD and could be used as a potential tool for diagnosing emotional impairment in hospitals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T18:44:30Z","timestamp":1605811470000},"page":"e0242014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Tunable Q wavelet transform based emotion classification in Parkinson\u2019s disease using Electroencephalography"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5839-4589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Murugappan","family":"Murugappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Alshuaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali K.","family":"Bourisly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-1092","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Smith K.","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Sruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0242014.ref001","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease across North America","volume":"4","author":"C Marras","year":"2018","journal-title":"npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"53","key":"pone.0242014.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.7.603","article-title":"Selective deficits in cognition and memory in high-functioning Parkinson\u2019s patients","volume":"8","author":"E Mohr","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"issue":"57","key":"pone.0242014.ref003","first-page":"107","article-title":"Testing cognition may contribute to the diagnosis of movement disorders","volume":"2","author":"B Pillon","year":"2005","journal-title":"No to shinkei = Brain and nerve"},{"issue":"46","key":"pone.0242014.ref004","first-page":"329","article-title":"Impairment of social cognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology. 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