{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:09:13Z","timestamp":1789589353729,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1B07045179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07045179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea IPET through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Convergence Technologies Program for Educating Creative Global Leader","award":["MAFRA-716002-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAFRA-716002-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>3,3\u2019-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is found in cruciferous vegetables and is used to treat various inflammatory diseases because of its potential anti-inflammatory effects. To investigate effects of DIM in <jats:italic>Riemerella anatipestifer-<\/jats:italic>infected ducks which induce upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, ducks were treated orally with DIM at dose of 200 mg\/kg\/day and infected the following day with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>. Infected and DIM-treated ducks exhibited 14% increased survival rate and significantly decreased bacterial burden compared to infected untreated ducks. Next, the effect on the expression level of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2) of both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> DIM-treated groups was monitored by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Generally, the expression levels of the cytokines were significantly reduced in DIM-treated splenic lymphocytes stimulated with killed <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic> compared to stimulated untreated splenic lymphocytes. Similarly, the expression levels of the cytokines were significantly reduced in the spleens and livers of DIM-treated <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected ducks compared to infected untreated ducks. This study demonstrated the ameliorative effects of DIM in ducks infected with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic>. Thus, DIM can potentially be used to prevent and\/or treat <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>anatipestifer<\/jats:italic> infection via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T18:41:16Z","timestamp":1605120076000},"page":"e0242198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anti-inflammatory activity of diindolylmethane alleviates Riemerella anatipestifer\u00a0infection in ducks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cherry P.","family":"Fernandez-Colorado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Leona T.","family":"Cammayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle A.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binh T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun S.","family":"Lillehoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-7366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wongi","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0242198.ref001","first-page":"823","volume-title":"Diseases of Poultry","author":"JA Ruiz","year":"2013","edition":"13"},{"key":"pone.0242198.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-05-128","article-title":"Surveillance and characterization of Riemerella anatipestifer from wild birds in South Korea","volume":"51","author":"SY Cha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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