{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:27:55Z","timestamp":1772209675262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6040-32000-009-00-D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6040-32000-009-00-D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We performed whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing for 2554 genes in a large and heterogenous panel of 180\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains having diverse geographical and temporal origins. The subtyping data was used for characterizing genetic variation and evaluating patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the pan-genome of\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our analysis revealed the presence of strong linkage disequilibrium in\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with ~99% of genes showing significant non-random associations with a large majority of other genes in the genome. Twenty-seven loci having lower levels of association with other genes were considered to be potential \u201chot spots\u201d for horizontal gene transfer (i.e., recombination via conjugation, transduction, and\/or transformation). The patterns of linkage disequilibrium in\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggest limited exchange of foreign genetic material in the genome and can be used as a tool for identifying new recombinant strains. This can help understand processes contributing to the diversification and evolution of this pathogenic bacteria, thereby facilitating development of effective control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T13:53:13Z","timestamp":1614261193000},"page":"e0242297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Whole genome genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in a diverse collection of Listeria monocytogenes isolates"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-8507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Swarnali","family":"Louha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard 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