{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:15:25Z","timestamp":1790381725310,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP20fk0108129, JP20fk0108139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20fk0108129, JP20fk0108139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004426","name":"Atlantic Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Director\/Employee Designated Gift Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Director\/Employee Designated Gift Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Post-Doctoral Training Program from KKU Research Affairs and the Graduate School, Khon Kaen University (Grant No. 59260)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Post-Doctoral Training Program from KKU Research Affairs and the Graduate School, Khon Kaen University (Grant No. 59260)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Detection of IgA antibody against <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> complex (MAC) glycopeptidolipid (GPL) has recently been shown to improve the diagnosis of MAC pulmonary disease but has yet to be tested in disseminated Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. In this study, we address the diagnostic efficacies of an anti-GPL-core ELISA kit in disseminated lymphadenopathy patients positive for NTM culture and anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies. The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center in northeastern Thailand and patients with NTM, tuberculosis, melioidosis, and control subjects were enrolled. Plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) antibodies against GPL-core were detected in the subjects and the specificity and sensitivity of the assay was assessed. Anti-GPL-core IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in NTM patients than other groups (p &lt; 0.0001). Diagnostic efficacy for NTM patients using anti-GPL-core IgA cut-off value of 0.352 U\/ml showed good sensitivity (91.18%) and intermediate specificity (70.15%). Using a cut-off value of 4.140 AU\/ml for anti-GPL-core IgG showed the same sensitivity (91.18%) with increased specificity (89.55%) and an 81.58% positive predictive value. Most patients with moderate levels (4.140\u20137.955 AU\/ml) of anti-GPL-core IgG had rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) infection. Taken together, the detection of anti-GPL-core antibodies could provide a novel option for the diagnosis and management of disseminated NTM infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1606744698000},"page":"e0242598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of plasma anti-GPL-core IgA and IgG for diagnosis of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arnone","family":"Nithichanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waraporn","family":"Samer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ploenchan","family":"Chetchotisakd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidchamai","family":"Kewcharoenwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3178-2645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manabu","family":"Ato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6972-585X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ganjana","family":"Lertmemongkolchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.003","article-title":"Environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria.","volume":"36","author":"JO Falkinham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242598.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2018.0026","article-title":"Infection Source and Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease.","volume":"82","author":"D. Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0242598.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201605-353OC","article-title":"Increasing Prevalence Rate of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Five States, 2008\u20132013.","volume":"13","author":"MJ Donohue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"pone.0242598.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5479","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5479","article-title":"Epidemiology of and risk factors for extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in Northeast Thailand.","volume":"6","author":"I Kham-Ngam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0242598.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.08.020","article-title":"The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"73","author":"X Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0242598.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00089-4","article-title":"Host susceptibility to non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"15","author":"UI Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0242598.ref007","article-title":"Natural History and Evolution of Anti-Interferon-gamma Autoantibody-Associated Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Thailand and the US","author":"GH Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0242598.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111160","article-title":"Adult-onset immunodeficiency in Thailand and Taiwan","volume":"367","author":"SK Browne","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0242598.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176342","article-title":"Factors associated with acquired Anti IFN- gamma autoantibody in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection.","volume":"12","author":"P Phoompoung","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0242598.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076371","article-title":"Autoantibody to interferon-gamma associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency in non-HIV individuals in Northern Thailand.","volume":"8","author":"P Wongkulab","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242598.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00038-17","article-title":"Practice Guidelines for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria.","volume":"31","author":"BA Forbes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0242598.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242598.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000347112","article-title":"Reactive and infective dermatoses associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody: Sweet's syndrome and beyond.","volume":"226","author":"JF Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0242598.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.716-746.2002","article-title":"Clinical and taxonomic status of pathogenic nonpigmented or late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria","volume":"15","author":"BA Brown-Elliott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0242598.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02010-16","article-title":"Levels of Antibody against Glycopeptidolipid Core as a Marker for Monitoring Treatment Response in Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease: a Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"55","author":"S Kitada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242598.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.329","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex disease in humans: translational research from basic mycobacteriology to clinical medicine","volume":"67","author":"K. Kobayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0242598.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1086\/344277","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex with an enzyme immunoassay that uses a mixture of glycopeptidolipid antigens","volume":"35","author":"S Kitada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0242598.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000834","article-title":"The surface glycopeptidolipids of mycobacteria: structures and biological properties","volume":"58","author":"D Chatterjee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0242598.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-771OC","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-complex pulmonary disease using an enzyme immunoassay kit","volume":"177","author":"S Kitada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0242598.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29325","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29325","article-title":"Diagnostic test accuracy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core IgA antibodies for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"6","author":"Y Shibata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0242598.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1086\/520030","article-title":"Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients who are not infected with HIV in Thailand","volume":"45","author":"P Chetchotisakd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65933-x","article-title":"Diagnosis of NTM active infection in lymphadenopathy patients with anti-interferon-gamma auto-antibody using inhibitory ELISA vs. indirect ELISA.","volume":"10","author":"A Nithichanon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1086","key":"pone.0242598.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133278","article-title":"Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"92","author":"P Cudahy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0242598.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215583801","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis: past, present and future","volume":"240","author":"SK Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0242598.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2017.05.011","article-title":"Patient ethnicity and causative species determine the manifestations of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease: a review","volume":"88","author":"I Hase","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16559-z","article-title":"Epidemiology and Predictors of NTM Pulmonary Infection in Taiwan\u2014a Retrospective, Five-Year Multicenter Study.","volume":"7","author":"HL Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0242598.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.161827","article-title":"Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease and Tuberculosis, Hawaii, USA","volume":"23","author":"J Adjemian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242598.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0128304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128304","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Nagasaki, Japan.","volume":"10","author":"S Ide","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242598.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.090675","article-title":"Increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000\u20132008","volume":"16","author":"CC Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201607-573OC","article-title":"A Laboratory-based Analysis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease in Japan from 2012 to 2013.","volume":"14","author":"K Morimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.1.44-51.2005","article-title":"Use of glycopeptidolipid core antigen for serodiagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients","volume":"12","author":"S Kitada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0242598.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00702-13","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus complex pulmonary disease by use of IgA antibodies to glycopeptidolipid core antigen","volume":"51","author":"BH Jeong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242598.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00098212","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in the USA","volume":"42","author":"S Kitada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0242598.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080473","article-title":"Sero-diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease using serum immunoglobulin A antibody against glycopeptidolipid antigen in Taiwan.","volume":"8","author":"CC Shu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242598.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.5.337","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in the lung.","volume":"41","author":"D. Burnett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0242598.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1086\/426442","article-title":"Measurement of immunoglobulin G against Mycobacterial antigen A60 in patients with cystic fibrosis and lung infection due to Mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"40","author":"A Ferroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0242598.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02029","article-title":"Global Environmental Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Their Contemporaneous Man-Made and Natural Niches.","volume":"9","author":"JR Honda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"pone.0242598.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2017.03.002","article-title":"An ELISA protocol to improve the accuracy and reliability of serological antibody assays.","volume":"4","author":"T Waritani","year":"2017","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0242598.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix996","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Interferon-gamma Neutralizing Autoantibodies Against Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease.","volume":"66","author":"A Aoki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242598.ref040","first-page":"469","article-title":"[A study of relapse\/recurrence cases after surgical treatment for patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis].","volume":"88","author":"K Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kekkaku."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0242598.ref041","article-title":"Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections.","volume":"21","author":"Y Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T13:58:50Z","timestamp":1606744730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242598"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Frederick","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242598","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}}}