{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:18:25Z","timestamp":1790403505497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although investigation of the brains of criminals began quite early in the history of psychophysiological research, little is known about brain plasticity of offenders with psychopathy. Building on our preliminary study reporting successful brain self-regulation using slow cortical potential (SCP) neurofeedback in offenders with psychopathy, we investigated the central nervous and autonomic peripheral changes occurring after brain self-regulation in a group of severe male offenders with psychopathy. Regarding the central nervous system, an overall suppression of the psychopathic overrepresentation of slow frequency bands was found, such as delta and theta band activity, after EEG neurofeedback. In addition, an increase in alpha band activity could be observed after the SCP self-regulation training. Electrodermal activity adaptively changed according to the regulation task, and this flexibility improved over training time. The results of this study point towards a constructive learning process and plasticity in neural and peripheral measures of offenders with psychopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T18:51:42Z","timestamp":1610045502000},"page":"e0242830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Balancing the brain of offenders with psychopathy? Resting state EEG and electrodermal activity after a pilot study of brain self-regulation training"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-061X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lilian","family":"Konicar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Radev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Silvoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaina","family":"Bolinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Veit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Strehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Vesely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Plener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Poustka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Birbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0242830.ref001","volume-title":"Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.","author":"RD Hare","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1965.16.2.499","article-title":"Psychopathy, Fear Arousal and Anticipated Pain.","volume":"16","author":"RD Hare","year":"1965","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00706","article-title":"Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy as a function of interpersonal and affective disturbances.","volume":"7","author":"R Veit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.799","article-title":"Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"62","author":"N Birbaumer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3940505","article-title":"Aversive pavlovian conditioning in psychopaths: peripheral and central correlates.","volume":"39","author":"H Flor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.16.1.90","article-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist. Screening Version PCL: SV in offenders with axis I disorders.","volume":"16","author":"C Hill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref007","first-page":"102","article-title":"The superordinate structure of psychopathy","volume":"21","author":"CS Neumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854805278414","article-title":"A comparison of factor models on the PCL-R with mentally disordered offenders: The development of a four-factor model","volume":"32","author":"MJ Vitacco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crim Justice Behav"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.05.025","article-title":"Psychopathy and Neurodynamic Brain Functioning: A Review of EEG Research.","volume":"103","author":"AP Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.95.3.641","article-title":"Electroencephalographic analyses of behavior problem children.","volume":"95","author":"HH Jasper","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.98.410.23","article-title":"Reflections on 100 capital cases submitted to electroencephalography.","volume":"98","author":"D Hill","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Ment Sci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-195608000-00001","article-title":"The electroencephalogram and disorders of behavior: a review.","volume":"124","author":"MA Kennard","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref013","first-page":"473","article-title":"Episodic dyscontrol: a study of 130 violent patients.","volume":"127","author":"G Bach-y-Rita","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.08.001","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative EEG abnormalities in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder.","volume":"16","author":"A Calzada-Reyes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref015","first-page":"19","article-title":"EEG abnormalities in psychopath and non-psychopath violent offenders, J Forensic Leg Med.","volume":"20 1","author":"A Calzada-Reyes","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90292-T","article-title":"Lateralized Abnormality in the EEG of Persistently Violent Psychiatric Inpatients","volume":"30","author":"A Convit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.4.486","article-title":"Temporal Lobe deficits in murderers: EEG finding undetected by PET.","volume":"13","author":"LM Gatzke-Kopp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychiat Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.016","article-title":"Electrophysiological substrates of impulsiveness: potential effects on aggressive behaviour.","volume":"29","author":"RJ Houston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.05.005","article-title":"Quantitative electroencephalographic measures in homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder.","volume":"136","author":"N Lindberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1981.tb00413.x","article-title":"EEG as a predictor of antisocial behaviour","volume":"19","author":"SA Mednick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.11.4.454","article-title":"Violence, criminal behaviour, and the EEG: significance of left hemispheric focal abnormalities.","volume":"11","author":"F Pillman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiat Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(75)90034-4","article-title":"Psychophysiology and sociopathy: Electrocortical measures.","volume":"3","author":"K Syndulko","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biological Psychology."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref023","volume-title":"Electroencephallogramm among criminals.","author":"J Volavka","year":"1987"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref024","first-page":"249","article-title":"Aggression, electroencephalography, and evoked potentials: a critical review.","volume":"3","author":"J Volavka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav. Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J184v09n03_02","article-title":"Quantitative EEG findings in convicted murderers","volume":"9","author":"JMC Vendemia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotherapy"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01562.x","article-title":"Electroencephalography, computed tomography and violent rating of male patient in a maximum security mental hospital.","volume":"90","author":"MT Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiat Scand"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90085-1","article-title":"EEG and brainstem auditory evoked response potentials in adult male drug abusers with self-reported histories of aggressive behavior","volume":"266","author":"DH Fishbein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.1.81","article-title":"Use of visual evoked-potential studies and EEG data to classify aggressive, explosive behavior of youths.","volume":"521","author":"DR Bars","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00041-4","article-title":"Human impulsive aggression: a sleep research perspective","volume":"374","author":"N Lindberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(96)00057-8","article-title":"Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization","volume":"24","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00253.2015","article-title":"Specific electrophysiological components disentangle affective sharing and empathic concern in psychopathy","volume":"114","author":"J Decety","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.06.011","article-title":"Theta phase coherence in affective picture processing reveals dysfunctional sensory integration in psychopathic offenders.","volume":"119","author":"S Tillem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000314","article-title":"Alpha response reveals attention abnormalities in psychopathy.","volume":"10","author":"S Tillem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00274","article-title":"The modulation of somatosensory resonance by psychopathic traits and empathy.","volume":"7","author":"LA Marcoux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.10.002","article-title":"Feeling but not caring: empathic alteration in narcissistic men with high psychopathic traits.","volume":"224","author":"LA Marcoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000477","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of empathic processing and its relation to psychopathic meanness.","volume":"32","author":"JDM van Dongen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1953.tb04674.x","article-title":"Electroencephalograms of Boys with behavior problems.","volume":"28","author":"H Forssmann","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.03.058","article-title":"Prefrontal brain asymmetry and aggression in imprisoned violent offenders","volume":"151","author":"P Keune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","article-title":"EEG alpha oscillation: the inhibition-timing hypothesis","volume":"53","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref040","first-page":"73","article-title":"Alpha rythmes in audition: cognitive and clinical perspectives.","volume":"2","author":"N Weisz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(00)00172-0","article-title":"Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha\/theta synchronization.","volume":"383","author":"A von Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7348","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4215-11.2011","article-title":"Reduced prefrontal connectivity in psychopathy","volume":"31","author":"JC Motzkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.03.012","article-title":"Prefrontal structural and functional brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and psychopathic individuals: a meta-analysis.","volume":"174","author":"Y Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.07.003","article-title":"The Amygdala and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Morality and Psychopathy.","volume":"9","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-009-0086-x","article-title":"Neuroimaging of Psychopathy and Antisocial Behavior: A Targeted Review.","volume":"12","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.054","article-title":"Psychopathy as a disorder of the moral brain: fronto-temporo-limbic grey matter reductions demonstrated by voxel-based morphometry","volume":"40","author":"R De Oliveira-Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00849.x","article-title":"Inside the wire: aggression and functional interhemispheric connectivity in the human brain","volume":"46","author":"D Hofman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720216","article-title":"Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: An event-related fMRI study.","volume":"37","author":"KA Kiehl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.443","article-title":"Brain potentials implicate temporal lobe abnormalities in criminal psychopaths","volume":"15","author":"KA Kiehl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref050","first-page":"253","article-title":"The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy.","volume":"233","author":"M Koenigs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01749-3","article-title":"Abnormalities in emotion processing within cortical and subcortical regions in criminal psychopaths evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using pictures with emotional content","volume":"54","author":"JL Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref052","first-page":"203","article-title":"Neural Foundations to Moral Reasoning and Antisocial Behavior.","volume":"13","author":"A Raine","year":"2006","journal-title":"SCAN"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047232","article-title":"A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality","volume":"55","author":"DT Lykken","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13344","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13344","article-title":"Adolescent psychopathy, heart rate, and skin conductance.","volume":"566","author":"EAM MacDougall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12322","article-title":"Skin conductance fear conditioning impairments and aggression: a longitudinal study.","volume":"522","author":"Y Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0455-x","article-title":"Prediction of adolescent outcome in children with disruptive behaviour disorders- a study of neurobiological, psychological and family factors.","volume":"143","author":"I van Bokhoven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9606-3","article-title":"Psychopathic traits and physiological responses to aversive stimuli in children aged 9\u201311 years","volume":"405","author":"P Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of abnormal child psychology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414001424","article-title":"Genetic covariance between psychopathic traits and anticipatory skin conductance responses to threat: Evidence for a potential endophenotype.","volume":"4","author":"P Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9426","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09426","article-title":"Brain self-regulation in criminal psychopaths","volume":"5","author":"L Konicar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref060","unstructured":"Wei\u00df RH. Grundintelligenztest Skala 2 CFT20-R: Culture Fair Intelligence Test; mit Wortschatztest WS; und Zahlenfolgentest ZF. Handanweisung 4th edn Westermann Test, 1998."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.16.3.335","article-title":"Cross-national differences in the assessment of psychopathy: do they reflect variations in raters\u2019 perceptions of symptoms?","volume":"16","author":"DJ Cooke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1109\/78.554307","article-title":"A. Blind source separation technique using second-order statistics. Signal Processing","volume":"452","author":"A Belouchrani","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez-Herrero G, et al. Automatic Removal of Ocular Artifacts in the EEG without an EOG Reference Channel. Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Rejkjavik. 2006; 130\u20133. 10.1109\/NORSIG.2006.275210.","DOI":"10.1109\/NORSIG.2006.275210"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref064","volume-title":"Statistical digital signal processing and modeling","author":"MH Hayes","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA404127","author":"JC Kircher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comparison of Skin Conductance and Skin Resistance Measures for the Detection of Deception"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref066","unstructured":"MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release 2012b, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02176.x","article-title":"Reduced electrodermal fear conditioning from ages 3 to 8 years is associated with aggressive behavior at age 8 years","volume":"51","author":"Y Gao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref068","first-page":"163","article-title":"Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research.","author":"B Figner","year":"2011","journal-title":"A handbook of process tracing methods for decision research"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.3.301","article-title":"Disinhibitory psychopathology: a new perspective and a model for research.","volume":"873","author":"EE Gorenstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.4.645","article-title":"Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: an integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum.","volume":"1164","author":"RF Krueger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","article-title":"EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis","volume":"531","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0104-x","article-title":"Slow cortical potential neurofeedback in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Is there neurophysiological evidence for specific effects?","volume":"115","author":"M Doehnert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.005","article-title":"Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"H Gevensleben","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.05.033","article-title":"The effects of neurofeedback training on the spectral topography of the electroencephalogram.","volume":"115","author":"T Egner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref075","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effects of SMR feedback on the EEG amplitude.","volume":"2","author":"M Doppelmayr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Cogn Neurophysiol."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00135","article-title":"Are treatment effects of neurofeedback training in children with ADHD related to the successful regulation of brain activity? A review on the learning of regulation of brain activity and a contribution to the discussion on specificity.","volume":"9","author":"A Zuberer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref077","first-page":"135","article-title":"Neurofeedback of Slow Cortical Potentials in Children with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Multicenter Randomized Trial Controlling for Unspecific Effects.","volume":"31","author":"U Strehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000118","article-title":"The Psychology of Neurofeedback: Clinical Intervention even if Applied Placebo.","volume":"727","author":"RT Thibault","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Psychologist."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7, 933","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000340","article-title":"A framework for disentangling the hyperbolic truth of neurofeedback: Comment on Thibault and Raz 2017.","volume":"73","author":"JA Micoulaud-Franchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Psychologist."},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.004","article-title":"An EEG Finger-Print of fMRI deep regional activation.","volume":"102","author":"Y Meir-Hasson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0242830.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154968","article-title":"One-Class FMRI-Inspired EEG Model for Self-Regulation Training.","volume":"115","author":"Y Meir-Hasson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T18:52:18Z","timestamp":1610045538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242830"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ilona","family":"Papousek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]}}}