{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1793678397424,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national cancer center","award":["1811050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1811050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluate the ocular effects of proton beam therapy (PBT) in a single institution, in Korea, and identify factors contributing to decreasing visual acuity (VA) after PBT. A total of 40 patients who received PBT for choroidal melanoma (2009\u20122016) were reviewed. Dose fractionation was 60\u201270 cobalt gray equivalents (CGEs) over five fractions. Complete ophthalmic examinations including funduscopy and ultrasonography were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after PBT, then annually thereafter. Only patients with at least 12 months follow-up were included. During the follow-up, consecutive best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes were determined, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for VA loss. The median follow-up duration was 32 months (range: 12\u201282 months). The final BCVA of nine patients was &gt; 20\/40. The main cause of vision loss was intraocular bleeding, such as neovascular glaucoma or retinal hemorrhage. Vision loss was correlated with the tumor size, tumor distance to the optic disc or fovea, maculae receiving 30 CGEs, optic discs receiving 30 CGEs, and retinas receiving 30 CGEs. Approximately one-third of PBT-treated choroidal melanoma patients with good pretreatment BCVA maintained their VA. The patients who finally lost vision (VA &lt; count fingers) usually experienced rapid declines in VA from 6\u201212 months after PBT. Tumor size, tumor distance to the optic disc or fovea, volume of the macula, and optic discs or retinas receiving 30 CGEs affected the final VA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T19:32:11Z","timestamp":1606937531000},"page":"e0242966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Visual outcomes of proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma at a single institute in the Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-0196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Su-Kyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hwi","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-3565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0242966.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.01.032","article-title":"Incidence of uveal melanoma in Europe","volume":"114","author":"G Virgili","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0242966.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.040","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival","volume":"118","author":"AD Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0242966.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198202230-00007","article-title":"Uveal melanoma in China.","volume":"22","author":"PK Kuo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0242966.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16532","article-title":"Nationwide Incidence of Ocular Melanoma in South Korea by Using the National Cancer Registry Database (1999\u20132011).","volume":"56","author":"SJ Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0242966.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2019054","article-title":"Clinical spectrum, treatment and outcomes of uveal melanoma in a tertiary centre","volume":"60","author":"W Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242966.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302584","article-title":"Prognosis of choroidal melanoma and the result of ruthenium brachytherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy in Korean patients","volume":"97","author":"HJ Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0242966.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1245422","article-title":"Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis for Survival after Enucleation of Uveal Melanoma in Chinese Patients: Long-term Follow-up","volume":"42","author":"H Yue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0242966.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_160_16","article-title":"Experiences of two different modalities in the management of choroidal melanoma in the Asian Indian population","volume":"6","author":"P Meeralakshmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0242966.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.194","article-title":"Screening for metastasis from choroidal melanoma: the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group Report 23","volume":"22","author":"M Diener-West","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0242966.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.046","article-title":"Management of posterior uveal melanoma: past, present, and future: the 2014 Charles L. 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