{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:27:57Z","timestamp":1776709677958,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increase in antimicrobial resistance in developed and developing countries is a global public health challenge. In this context \u03b2-lactamase production is a major contributing factor to resistance globally. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in 296 <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates recovered from diarrhoeic children younger than five years in Kano whose susceptibility profile against 7 antimicrobials had been determined. The <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were subjected to double disc synergy test for phenotypic ESBLs detection and ESBL associated genes (<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>) were detected using conventional PCR. Phenotypically, 12.8% (38\/296) <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates presented a ESBLs phenotype, with a significantly higher proportion in isolates from females compared with males (<jats:italic>P-value<\/jats:italic> = 0.024). <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> 73.3% and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> 73.3% were the predominant resistance genes in the ESBLs positive <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (each detected in 22\/30 isolates, of which 14 harboured both). In addition, 1\/30 harboured <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> + <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> + <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub> genes simultaneously. This study demonstrates the presence of ESBLs <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates in clinically affected children in Kano, and demonstrates the circulation of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> associated with those phenotypes. Enactment of laws on prudent antibiotic use is urgently needed in Kano.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T19:17:06Z","timestamp":1607023026000},"page":"e0243130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Molecular detection of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli clinical isolates from diarrhoeic children in Kano, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0973-2905","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Habeeb Kayode","family":"Saka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4123-3850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasir Tukur","family":"Dabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Lopez-Chavarrias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ugarte-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0243130.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001315","article-title":"Tracking global trends in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy using the Drug Resistance Index","volume":"4","author":"EY Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0243130.ref002","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum-\u03b2- lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: first systematic meta-analysis report from Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"S Abrar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0243130.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818","article-title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"JB Kaper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0243130.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.142","article-title":"Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"JP Nataro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"144","key":"pone.0243130.ref005","article-title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheic Patients in China","volume":"8","author":"L Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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\u03b2-lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a Japanese Tertiary Hospital","volume":"2","author":"Y Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T19:17:26Z","timestamp":1607023046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243130"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Cartelle 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