{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:09:44Z","timestamp":1790791784565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects 30% of reproductive age women globally. However, there are limited local studies evaluating the management of these women. The diagnostic guideline using structural and functional causes of AUB adopts the PALM-COEIN criteria, namely:\n                    <jats:bold>P<\/jats:bold>\n                    olyp;\n                    <jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>\n                    denomyosis;\n                    <jats:bold>L<\/jats:bold>\n                    eiomyoma;\n                    <jats:bold>M<\/jats:bold>\n                    alignancy and Hyperplasia;\n                    <jats:bold>C<\/jats:bold>\n                    oagulopathy;\n                    <jats:bold>O<\/jats:bold>\n                    vulatory dysfunction;\n                    <jats:bold>E<\/jats:bold>\n                    ndometrial;\n                    <jats:bold>I<\/jats:bold>\n                    atrogenic; and\n                    <jats:bold>N<\/jats:bold>\n                    ot yet classified. This study aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns, adherence to PALM-COEIN diagnosis guidelines and management of AUB among women in their reproductive age. This was a cross-sectional study among 108 women with AUB aged 18\u201345 years was conducted at the gynaecology department of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya between April 2018 and April 2019. Their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire and chart reviews. Adherence to diagnosis recommendations was assessed using PALM COEIN classification. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was conducted at 95% confidence interval. The median age was 30 (IQR: 22, 41) years with prolonged bleeding as the most predominant pattern at 41.7%. Bleeding patterns were significantly associated with age (p = 0.04). Only 16.7% were diagnosed as per the PALM-COEIN criteria with PALM and COEIN accounting for 60% and 40% respectively. Leiomyoma (44.5%) was the common cause of AUB. Laboratory evaluation included: pregnancy tests, full haemogram, hormonal profile and biopsy. Most (79.6%) of the women had abdominopelvic ultrasound done. Medical management was provided for 78.7% of women. Prolonged bleeding was the most common pattern with medical management preferred. There is need for in-hospital algorithms to ensure adherence to PALM-COEIN guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T13:42:55Z","timestamp":1606916575000},"page":"e0243166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical bleeding patterns and management techniques of abnormal uterine bleeding at a teaching and referral hospital in Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7053-875X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Godfrey 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