{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:30:26Z","timestamp":1772209826480,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global crisis that threatens our way of life. As of November 18, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has claimed more than 1,342,709 lives, with a global mortality rate of ~2.4% and a recovery rate of ~69.6%. Understanding the interaction of cellular targets with the SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of transcriptomic signatures of infection of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other respiratory viruses (EBOV, H1N1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV), to determine a unique anti-SARS-CoV-2 gene signature. We identified for the first time that molecular pathways for heparin-binding, RAGE, miRNA, and PLA2 inhibitors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The\n                    <jats:italic>NRCAM<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SAA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, which are involved in severe inflammatory responses, and the\n                    <jats:italic>FGF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, which are associated with immune regulation, were found to be associated with the cellular gene response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, several cytokines, most significantly\n                    <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrated key associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, the only response gene that was shared among the five viral infections was\n                    <jats:italic>SERPINB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis shed light on genes with high interaction activity that SARS-CoV-2 shares with other viral infections. The findings showed that the genetic pathways associated with rheumatoid arthritis, the AGE-RAGE signaling system, malaria, hepatitis B, and influenza A were of high significance. We found that the virogenomic transcriptome of infection, gene modulation of host antiviral responses, and GO terms of SARS-CoV-2 and EBOV were more similar than to SARS, H1N1, and MERS. This work compares the virogenomic signatures of highly pathogenic viruses and provides valid targets for potential therapy against SARS-CoV-2.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T14:15:15Z","timestamp":1607609715000},"page":"e0243270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS, MERS, EBOV, and H1N1"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alsamman M.","family":"Alsamman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-6638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hatem","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0243270.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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