{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:06:39Z","timestamp":1779332799514,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"North Star Alliance","award":["D1404070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D1404070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In South Africa, the trucking industry employs over 70,000 people and the prevalence of chronic pain in this occupational group was reported at 10%. We investigated factors associated with chronic pain in truck drivers including mental health, physical activity, and sleep, as no study has done so.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Southern African male, long-distance truck drivers were recruited at truck stops in Gauteng and Free State Provinces, South Africa (n = 614). Chronic pain was defined as pain present for at least the last three months. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, post-traumatic stress disorder with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), exposure to traumatic events with the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC-5) and daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep quality was measured on a four-point Likert scale. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using the Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Associations between these factors, demographic factors and chronic pain were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariate analysis showed that working \u2265 2 nights\/week (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.55\u20134.68) was associated with chronic pain and physical activity was protective (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95\u20130.98). In an exploratory analysis, greater depressive symptoms (p = 0.004), daytime sleepiness (p = 0.01) and worse sleep quality (p = 0.001) was associated with working \u2265 2 nights\/week. Lower leisure-time physical activity was associated with worse sleep quality (p = 0.006), but not daytime sleepiness or depressive symptoms (p&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a clear relationship between working nights and activity levels, and chronic pain, sleep quality, and depression in truck drivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T14:20:46Z","timestamp":1607005246000},"page":"e0243366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Working nights and lower leisure-time physical activity associate with chronic pain in Southern African long-distance truck drivers: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5654-0047","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonia L.","family":"Wadley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Iacovides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-501X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johanna","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Scheuermaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. D. Francois","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alinda G.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-1643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samanta T.","family":"Lalla-Edward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0243366.ref001","unstructured":"Trucking Industry Revenues Top $796 Billion in 2018 [Internet]. American Trucking Associations. [cited 2020 Oct 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.trucking.org\/news-insights\/trucking-industry-revenues-top-796-billion-2018"},{"key":"pone.0243366.ref002","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa. Statistical release: Land transport (Preliminary) [Internet]. Pretoria; 2019 [cited 2020 May 10] p. 14. 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